Baby Blues in Europe

The population growth in most of the European nations is at critical point. The term baby blues have been used to describe the situation where families are opting to have fewer children due to various economic and social reasons. They are shying off from having an extra child due to the things they are experiencing day by day. The societies have become more affluent and when such a thing happens one the effects is the low fertility rates. On the other hand women have gained more freedom in the society.They are engaging in the work force, this has resulted in consumption boom contributing to the delay of marriage and the rate at which people are marrying, this further impact on the fertility rates. The impacts of the social changes that have taken place in the recent years have been compounded by the changing of the working patterns. Career patterns have replaced the unskilled labor which has increased the importance attached to the longer training periods and the unbroken periods of employment as one gains skills has further strengthened the idea of delaying childbearing.This is what has resulted to the baby blues in a continent that had the highest population growth some years back. (Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A 1991) Some of these factors are: lack of a nanny to take care of the child, busy schedules, work related and many others. The birth rates are generally falling fast with many women either opting to have no children or families making a choice of remaining with only one child. This trend is worrying many governments as they foresee a big problem ahead.The population growth rate is negative in most countries in this part of the world. If the trend continues it shows that the population in Western Europe countries will shrink. This is a dangerous trend for the bloc that is aiming to counter the United States as the world power. In the United States the population has been growing at a higher rate in comparison to the Europe due to factors such as migrat ion, incentives from the government among others. What are the impacts of baby blues in the society?This is a question each and every government in Europe is trying to analyze and at the same time provides a workable solution to a situation that is threatening to impact negatively on the gains that this continent has made in the number of years. Having negative growth rate is not something any government in the developed world should be proud of. It is a risky affair that will have serious effects in the years to come. It means that at one given time Europeans countries will have a population imbalance where the number of the graying population will exceed the young people.This graying population will be a burden since there will be very few young working population to support them impacting negatively on the countries economic situation. (Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A 1991) The trend will have an effect in the society especially in situation where the elderly have to be taken care of by the young. They require more money to cater for their medical bills and other expenses that come with the old age. This will be a burden to the younger population as they also have other obligation to meet.This population might also opt to have lesser families due to the added burden of caring of the elderly. If the trend continues beyond this point the problem will escalate for many years to come impacting heavily on the economic situation of these countries. The governments are concerned with this trend and they are up and planning on the measures to be taken to counter this negative development. The government can not afford to sit on the fence as it watches the population decline. This can have serious impact than imagined. It can threat the very existence of a nation.A nation whose population can not meet the needs of its economy is a t great danger especially if the other parts of the world more so those perceived to be the competitors are at an advantaged position rega rding the population growth. China and United States population are projected to rise tremendously in the next fifty years whereas on the other hand the European population has been predicted to decline by a great margin. This means that Europe will depend much on the countries with a positive population growth on labor, market and other activities.To many governments in this region, this is a dangerous development as it will affect their power situation where these nations may take its position in the world map of power. (Hantarais, L 2004) The governments need to be concerned and act on the situation as it can have serious effects on all aspects of the society. Declining population goes hand in hand with the economic slow down. When the older population is higher than the young working population the situation becomes grave as the government will be faced with the burden of taking care of this graying population which can be as sensitive as the baby population.In the next ten or m ore years to come it is expected that the European population level will be more than seventy million or roughly ten percent below its current level. The governments are busy trying to counter this negative trend as it may pose serious problems if it is not tackled early and in an effective manner. Births rate have fallen to levels where they can not be replaced and on the other hand the continent median age has climbed steadly. This poses a complex problem which need to be approached in a sober manner as it can result to every disastrous situation.A decline in the working population mean that the government can only promote immigration to counter a situation where the labor supplies dwindle ,this poses a serious problem as this population will only be attracted from the developing nations where there are population crises and the level of skills is often. To stop the decline the government has to come up with a workable solution which will solve this problem once and for all and he lp avert a situation where economic slow down is experienced further complicating the matters.(Hantarais, L 2004) Of particular concern is the need to replenish the declining workforce as this will have long term effects if left unchecked. With the population having reached close to seven hundred million people a decline can be the most unfortunate things for the nations in Europe. The governments having been faced with the challenge on how they will approach this problem may mean that the problem will be bigger than imagined, but with the proper planning and coordination of policies this is an issue which can be tackled.Population ageing will increase the number of dependent people creating a potential burden on pension and public health care. The tax burden will have to be passed to the few working population further complicating the issue as this group will be overburden by the financial obligation they are supposed to meet. This will only escalate the existing pro blem with a hi gher probability of increased baby blues. The fear of having many children or in some cases- no children at all- among the childbearing population in the western nations and Europe in general poses a great danger for this continent.If the current fertility levels persisted and immigration ceased altogether the European population would fall way below six hundred million by the turn of the century. What would this mean in a continent that is expected to steer the global economy to the next level in the century. It shatter the dreams of a powerful Europe in the world map while at the same time putting the continent at a disadvantaged position since the population in some the world regions is increasing at a higher rate.Therefore since this is a problem that will have far reaching effects for some years to come the government s in the respective countries need to move fast and come up with comprehensive policies which will help in solving this problem. (McIntosh, A 1983) The government s are not spoilt of choices they have to act swiftly to avert a catastrophic situation where economic meltdown might be experienced in future. One of the response would be to boost the birth rates, this can be achieved through giving incentives to the couples who are willing to have children.These incentives need to be as attractive as possible so that they can include many people. In such a move the birth rates might turn a round and the feared decline may not be experienced at all. Immigration has been mentioned as another option as far as solving this problem is concerned but some people have pointed out that it will only be short-lived since the immigrants will eventually adapt the trends that already exist in the receiving countries. Government has to approach this issue in a broader way to ensure that the end results are positive.Though some people have described the situation as the best for the continent since there would be minimal competition for resources, baby blues pres ent a dangerous situation for Western Europe as far as it future economic position is concerned. Bibliography Golin, A; Bruno, L and Lori, A. Population Changes in Europe, Labor, vol 5, Rome Italy (1991) Hantarais, L. Family Policy Matters: Responding to Family Change in Europe, The Policy Press (2004) McIntosh, A. Population Policy in Western Europe, ME Shape (1983)

Production Operation Assignment

Assignment 6: PRICING a) Computation of Economic Value of an offering Mercedes Benz is launching its luxury SUV (called the CDL class) in a market dominated by Lexus GL. The CDL class uses diesel and obtains 25 miles per gallon. The Lexus model, priced at $48000, uses premium gasolene and obtains 20 miles per gallon. Both the models need to be serviced annually but the CDL being a diesel engine requires annual service that is costlier by $100. The life of a diesel engine is typically longer – hence the residual value of a 10 year old CDL is estimated to be $1600 higher than the Lexus. Assume (i) the average cost of premium gasolene to be $3. 0 per gallon (ii) the average cost of diesel to be $3. 25 per gallon (ii) the average customer drives 12000 miles per year and (iii) there is no time discount. What should be the price of the CDL such that the economic value of Benz CDL over Lexus GL (during a 10 year use horizon by a customer) is completely appropriated by Mercedes Benz? The economic value of CDL: Price of substitute=48000 Cost saving=(12000/20*3-12000/25*3. 25-100)=140 Revenue enhancing=residual value=1600+residual value of GL Use horizon=10 EV of CDL=48000+140*10+1600+residual value of GL=51000+residual value of GL The economic value of GL: Price of substitute=XCost saving=(12000/25*3. 25-12000/20*3+100)=-140 Revenue enhancing=residual value=residual value of GL Use horizon=10 EV of GL=X+(-140)*10+ residual value of GL=X-1400+residual value of GL To make (51000+residual value) equal (X-1400+residual value of GL) X should be 52400 So the price of CDL should be lower than 52400 dollars such that the EV of CDL is higher than GL. b) Breakeven Analysis Nokia has decided to manufacture a special edition cellphone called HiRide for the teen market next year that will be sold with Sprint’s wireless service. For this phone, Nokia’s variable manufacturing cost is $35 per phone.Fixed manufacturing costs amount to $20 million and advertising cos ts are expected at $6 million. Nokia will sell HiRide to retailers and pay its own salesmen a commission of $8 per phone sold to the retailers. The retail price (i. e. , price paid by the end customer) of the product is $120 and retail margin typically average about 10%. (i) What is the price at which Nokia sells to retailers? Assume that the price is X, thus: X*(1+10%)=120 X=$109 (ii) What is Nokia’s contribution per unit sales for HiRide? Contribution per unit= P-VC=109-(35+8)=$66 (iii) What is Nokia’s breakeven volume?BE volume=FC/contribution per unit=? (20000000+6000000)/66=393939. 4? 393940 (iv) Nokia’s actual sales in Year 1 turned out to be 375000 units. Since the product did not break even, Nokia’s product manager decided to reduce the commission offered to its salesmen in Year 2. Provided the sales volume, price, and other fixed costs remain the same as in Year 1, how much should be the new commission so that HiRide breaks even in Year 2? Assume that it is X, thus: The new contribution per unit would be 109-(35+X), which equals 74-X BE volume =375000=FC/ new contribution per unit=26000000/(74-X) So X =4. 76$

A T-shirt Epic Essay Example for Free

A T-shirt Epic Essay ? Pietra Rivoli’s delightful narrative, The Travels of A T-Shirt in the Global Economy , goes about a surprising journey around the global village to discover an entangled web of economic and political forces that move this piece of clothing around. The book is split into four parts of a t-shirt’s life.   Part one of the book deals with the cotton industry.   Rivoli’s own surprise at learning that the cotton used for her shirt comes from Texas opens up this chapter on the continuing dominance of the American cotton industry.   The book then continues to explain the reasons for these—aside from government subsidies, the larger part of America’s continuing competitive advantage is its â€Å"virtuous cycle† of governance.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the United States, the farms work, the market works, the government works, the science works, and the universities work.† (Rivoli 7). The second part of the book is about the textile industry’s so called â€Å"race to the bottom†.   Industrialization is ushered in by the textile industry, and Rivoli gives examples from 19th century England to the Asian economic powerhouses Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong in the 20th century.   The third part is about the complexity of getting a textile import into the United States, with all the confusing legislation brought about by decades of political control held by textile manufacturers in America.   In the final part of the book, Rivoli examines the global market for used t-shirts, which she concedes is the final place where markets actually determine its origin and destination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author is not making an argument for either protectionism or free trade.   Obviously, as a trained economist, Rivoli favors free trade, as do all her colleagues in an almost unanimous voice.   However, the book does not argue for either side, and instead illustrates that both sides of this policy divide unwittingly spur economic development. Free trade policies encourage more â€Å"races to the bottom† as production shifts to low cost countries; however protectionist policies also contribute to another type of race.   In the battle for quota imports to the United States, for example, investment has flowed into areas where there is less restriction on trade with the world’s largest consumer of textiles and apparel.   In the modern-day case with China, the relatively low quota limits that China has for its exports to the US before the expiration of the Multifiber Agreement (MFA) (Rivoli 121) has encouraged investments in other developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and even Sub-Saharan Africa.   As the book notes, the exclusion of one creates opportunities for another, and the humble textile industry is the first step towards industrialization for many developing nations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Rivoli further notes, when the MFA was scheduled to be taken down, a lot of other developing countries were scared of China eating everyone’s share of the textile pie.   It represents one of the few actually plausible pro-protectionist arguments in the book, which are not really argued for but just explained. The role of politics in international trade It’s a given fact that politicians will listen more often that not to their constituents first instead of to common sense.   Unfortunate as it may be, politics more often than not counter the market forces that power the global race to the bottom.   Rivoli puts it as â€Å"While the market forces powering the race to the bottom are strong, the political forces pushing back against the markets are strong as well, particularly in the United States.† (Rivoli 115) This clash between the two has made importation of textiles a very complicated business in the United States, and changes the face of international trade with it.   If an item cannot be imported from China, it is imported from Mexico instead, giving an artificial advantage to some countries that will not be there if market forces were solely in control.   The decisions that politicians like congressmen and senators in Washington make often influence the very futures of some countries in the world. Rivoli characterizes American industries that are aging as trying to escape market forces by clinging on to their political supports.   Instead of a paradise of no intervention and perfect competition, what happens is that more often politics exert a big unpredictable force that tilts the equation over completely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example was 18th century England, where to no avail Parliament tried to pass acts that would protect their domestic wool producers.   Instead of having the intended consequences (i.e. eliminating imported cotton), it just pushed international trade to adapt to the circumstances. The â€Å"race to the bottom† phrase used so much in the book is one of the most intriguing ideas of Rivoli. Basically it says that the textile industry, like all industries is governed by market forces.   On the supply side, producers seek more and more productivity for lower costs—a reaction that sparked the original Industrial Revolution.   However, as wages go up along with production costs, producers are keen on reducing costs and preserving low prices with huge markets.   These trends doom an industrial country’s textile production after it becomes less competitive than another aspiring country who is not the leader in the â€Å"bottom† of production costs. The fire of the Industrial Revolution spread to the United States, and then in the last century to Asia, where during the past twenty or so years China has held the spot as top in this ubiquitous â€Å"race to the bottom†. The other side of the argument—those activists who bring about higher minimum wages and better labor standards, hasten the fall of a country from the â€Å"race to the bottom†, but at the same time also hasten industrialization and the development of other more value-added industries.   It also makes another country leader of the race to the bottom, ready to start the cycle all over again. This â€Å"history repeats itself† phenomenon—from Britain to Taiwan leaves the reader enthusiastic of the future, and of how economics will eventually make all the people of the world feel a little bit better. Rivoli, Pietra. The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy . New Jersey :Wiley, 2005. A T-shirt Epic. (2017, Mar 03).

Market Share and Business Revenues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Share and Business Revenues - Essay Example The essay "Market Share and Business Revenues" talks about market share and business revenues that are stable based on the diverse successions in the industry. It will be an advantage to the company if they charge a greater cost to their products or by putting in mind that having a bigger market share will yield more company gains.The position of market shares shows companies gain during two different stages in the macroeconomic environment. The outcomes point to that the common of the relationship between MS and BP is established, but the set of major tactical factors are the cause of the differences between MS and BP. Companies benefit from the vast market share that able them to illustrate their product in order to catch the attention and loyalty of their consumers. Large market share is anticipated to give favorable great profit, through providing the companies some shares according to the differentiation of their product, this will allow these companies to join the oligopolistic organization that is strong enough to have a significant impact to some dual limitation of production, by growing the company’s negotiation control in this oligopoly. However, the company’s profit depends on the effectiveness and efficient implementation of strategic operations management in such a way that the customers will be able to pay off the production exceeds thus maximizing the production system of the organization. These operations approach likewise provides opportunities for enhancing product value.

US History in the Post WWII Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

US History in the Post WWII Era - Essay Example But it was the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese troops as a part of their expansion plan in to the Far East that made the United States to get involved in the war. By 1942, all the major nations in the world were participating in this destructive war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World War II was effective in bringing about the downfall of Western Europe as the dominant world power. Eastern Europe and East Asia suffered heavy losses. It also led to the rise of the Soviet Union and United States as the superpowers and this opened up an era of Cold War. World War II also marked the end of British Empire. This paper is based on the thesis statement that the World War II and Cold War were the most defining events in the history of United States that brought out radicalization of the nation.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States, post World War I had become the dominating power in the world market of food, minerals and industry. But with the crashing of the stock market America was crippled by the financial crisis or the Great Depression in the 1930’s. With the decision of the American Government to join the war, a wave of patriotism began to rage the Americans. World War II brought an upheaval in the lives of American population. The war transformed the social, cultural and political environment of the United States. As the war posed a crisis for American culture, the Americans had to unite to defeat the enemy, irrespective of class, racial and ethnic boundaries that had long divided them. The African Americans were largely employed in various works during the war time. World War II brought significant changes in the role of American women also. Earlier, they were suppressed by the patriarchal society to stay within the confines of their homes. But during t he war, women joined the workforce to replace men who were drafted in to the armed forces. "Rosie the Riveter" became the symbol of women working in

Poetry paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry paper - Essay Example It is also vivid that no single chapter is written without the use of a song or a poem (Tolkien 183). Chapter One, An Unexpected Party, shows the humor of the scenario when a baffled Bilbo Baggins is paid a visit by 12 unwelcome dwarves, who swiftly make themselves comfortable and begin to have a great feast. They compassionately propose to help in cleaning their mess. However, Bilbo becomes worried about the senseless handling of his favorite dishes. The Dwarves respond by singing the poem, Chip the glasses and crack the plates. In this poem, it is not easy to determine if the dwarves are ridiculing Bilbo or attempting to do as he requests. It can be said that they are doing both. Generally, the lyrics achieve various purposes which include providing humor, character development and bring about reader interaction. This is evident in line 3, first stanza of page 31. The formulation of the poem torments by providing contradictory instructions. This is where the reader realizes that th e dwarves are fanatical, teasing or both, and that Bilbo becomes worried by having his pleasant tiny silent home messed up. The reader is also provided with a chance to formulate their own tunes for the crazy song. The poetry in The Hobbit draws attention to the vast disparity flanked by varying races of Middle Earth and how they select to articulate their views. Dwarves make use of a simple eight syllable configuration in their poetry, with 4 lines to every stanza. There are no convoluted metaphors applied and the themes are real and concrete. Poetry of the Dwarves involves ancient history, customs, and ways of life, retrieving the lost inheritance and looking into the depths of the earth. This is evident in line 2, 4, stanza 1 of page 14-15. The Elves in chapter 19, however, have a free formation in their poems where they make use of vivid adjectives and metaphors. Their rhythm is more of a song as compared to the Dwarves’ march, which echoes the physical features of the El ves. Their poetry depicts attractiveness, tranquility, and happiness as compared to material objects. The Orcs, polar contrary to the Elves in attractiveness and goodness, can generate merely unpleasant sounding poetry. A race formulated via the deformation of Elves, Orcs are attracted only to ruin, authority and killing. Goblin poetry seems like the smacking of lips and the crashing of jaws and the subject matter are hunting, killing, mistreating creatures and intimidating foes. The sounds that Tolkien applies in these poems are by design insensitive, piercing, monosyllabic, and rushed to echo the nature of the loathsome creatures who sing them. This is evident in the following stanza. â€Å"†¦Clap! Snap! the black crack! Grip, grab! Pinch, nab! And down down to Goblin-town You go, my lad!...† The disparity flanked by the language selection of the Orcs and the Elves presents euphonic backing to the imagery of the manifestation and the actions of the characters. Where th e Elves are lilting, easy and alliterative, the Orcs words may not be formulated devoid of clashing teeth and opening and shutting the mouth suddenly. Language as part of a character appears instinctive, however a reader is less often provided with undeviating link flanked by the sound of speech and the personality of the speaker. A number of the poetry of The Hobbit is, effectively sung by a Hobbit. Bilbo Baggins is at the center of the story and his songs borrow heavily from

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Discussion - Essay Example These gases in the atmosphere provide an invisible blanket around the earth and help keep the planet warm enough. Global warming occurs because of the greenhouse effect, or when the gases like carbon dioxide increase resulting in more energy trapped and re-emitted back to the earth. This paper will attempt to describe in more detail the global warming phenomenon. Global warming was a term that was first used in 1975 by American scientist Wallace Smith Broecker who discovered that the climate of the earth is warming consistently due to various human activities. In a magazine, he published a paper entitled Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming which was where he first coined the term. In 1979, the term was used again to depict the physical phenomenon that is heating up the planet. The article with the title The Charney Report was published by the National Academy of Science. (Yukozimo, 2014) The phenomenon of global warming can be further understood by taking a look at the earth’s ozone layer. The ozone layer is a region of dense gases in the stratosphere of the earth that is capable of blocking most of the harmful solar ultraviolet radiations. More than ninety percent of the ozone is present in the stratosphere of earth. It has a higher concentration of ozone as compared to the earth’s surface. Unfortunately, this important part of our atmosphere is slowly becoming more and more fragile and both nature and man can be held responsible. Manmade chemicals like halocarbons, CFCs, HCFCs, freon and halon contribute largely to the depletion of the ozone layer. Due to the increasing concentration of the refrigerants, solvents and propellants in the atmosphere, the ozone layer is under depletion of the rate of four percent per decade. As the ozone layer becomes thinner and thinner, ultraviolet light penetrates through

Should celebrities who break the law face stricker penalties Research Paper

Should celebrities who break the law face stricker penalties - Research Paper Example Because they are idolized by young people and many of them appear to make a habit of crossing the line, the government should consider handing out more stringent punishments for law-breaking celebrities. Lindsay Lohan entered the limelight as a child fashion model at the age of three. She is best known for her roles in movies such as Herbie, Mean Girls and the remakes of The Parent Trap and Freaky Friday. Lohan became a household name because of how well she played goodie-girl-next-door roles. Sadly, Lohan has also become popular due to the number of times she has been asked to appear in court for drinking and driving and other acts of misdemeanor. From May 26, 2007 when she was arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) the first time, Lohan had been arrested a second time for DUI and another time for stealing a necklace at a store. (Kunkle, A., 2011) There has also been multiple probation periods served and several fines and bail fees paid. Lohan’s face crying at a heari ng or sitting inside a courtroom with her attorney has been on newspapers, TV and the Internet. Indeed, a celebrity who gets himself or herself tied up with the law makes the newspapers sell. When she played the role of twins in The Parent Trap, Lohan was â€Å"the adorable redhead... who won a Young Artist Award† (James) for the movie. She was a smart, bubbly and talented girl who would have been a very good and influential role model to young people. Most of her characters in her movies are that of a sweet and responsible teenager who always did the right things or learned from her mistakes. Her audience used to adore her. They felt good after watching her movies. Sadly, this has not been the case since 2007. According to Sherry Gaba (2011), a life coach, â€Å"teens not only mimic the clothes, jewelry, and cosmetics celebrities use, but now increasingly see addiction as glamorous.† Because they are celebrities, the media grabs at any opportunity to feature stars lik e Lohan, thinking the hot news will sell more newspapers, etc. What it is actually doing is telling the younger audience, especially those who are very impressionable, that doing drugs or driving under the influence will get you on a TV show or will make people talk about you. Social media has such a powerful effect on the public. Indeed, it is only prudent that when celebrities such as Lohan commit an offense, the media show them being rightly punished and made to serve the punishment, not just have the option to pay fines or bail fees. Another important reason why stricter penalties would be advisable for celebrities is because they themselves do not seem to take existing rules very seriously. Whenever a celebrity is caught committing illegalities, the celebrity’s lawyer is quick to negotiate a way out for his/her client. Because of this, celebrities feel they can just pay their way every time they are caught. Lohan, for example, has appeared in court 20 times, violated her probation 4 times and was allowed to just spend 35 days at her home to relieve jail overcrowding. (Duke) Lohan had been fitted with an electronic bracelet to monitor her movements while on probation, gone to rehab numerous times, failed drug tests several times and had also posted bail, totalling to a $475,000. (Duke) The public has questioned why

ISO Standards and Excellence - work paper Coursework

ISO Standards and Excellence - work paper - Coursework Example These categories entail over twenty plus criterions based items. The five categories of ISO 9000 include the following: A quality management system comprises of set of rules that need to be fulfilled. Some of these require practical steps related to the ongoing processes, the others require the documentation and written material which include the declaration of the Standard Operating Procedures. Monitoring of processes, activities, timeline following and providing the employees with working manuals that clearly define their tasks and responsibilities are few of the basic requirements set forth by a Quality Management System. A quality system is a broader concept and application of the basic principles of quality services and delivery. The quality manual on the other side is a documented form of company and policy material which is largely based on the quality system manifesto and mechanisms. Quality system is a broad line definition and quality manual is the part of entire project and work which is presented as an organizational work policy representative documents. Quality procedures are set of steps and actions that are set forth before the workers prior to their working execution. The quality process include the practical demonstration of the steps so undertaken during the course of action. The work instructions comprise of the clear dos and don’ts of the organization which provides a clear path following to the organization and project accomplishment. Quality objective comes along as the part of the quality Management system and quality policy manifesto. Under the objectives, the workers are provided with the guidelines that need to be accomplished. The processes are clearly chalked out. The objectives roughly define the project goals and organizational management setup. I.S.O defines the quality objective and makes it an integral part of the organizational manifesto, the I.S.O accreditation is subject to

ER patient intake and hipaa training update Research Paper

ER patient intake and hipaa training update - Research Paper Example Very often ER rooms become crowed with the patient’s family members. Eventually, in such circumstances it becomes extremely tough and stressful for the ER staffs to manage and provide necessary treatment facilities to the patients. ER staff frequently deals directly with the individual in crisis (University of California, 2012). The ER staff members are supposed to work in a charged and stressful atmosphere which is further overloaded with numerous sensory stimuli such as rushing of people, ringing of phones and other related activities. Atmosphere inside the emergency room is something that always demands urgency of work and rush. The ER staffs are always busy in treating patients or in rapid disposition of not so serious or extremely serious patients to other rooms in order to make more space for those patients in more critical condition. Moreover, the ER staff members must be able to distinguish patients who have minored illnesses and who have critical illnesses in order to provide treatment on sequential basis (Phipps, 1988). Contextually, the training will be provided to the staffs associated with the ER department of HIPAA. Moreover, the training will be offered to healthcare providers, business associates, professionals dealing with mental health and people making support team in the healthcare information. Training will be provided by the group of experts in the respective field with the use of latest technologies. The training will aim at developing a less stressful environment for augmenting the efficiencies of the ER staffs. The training should also be provided to ER staffs in matter relating as how and when to access Protected Health Information (PHI) as well as how to maintain confidentiality about the pivotal PHI. Part 2 Organization Analysis HIPAA is responsible for providing training to the employees, agents and volunteers of the organizations that constitute a â€Å"covered entity† under the Act. The training offered in HIPAA incl udes its rules, policies, and manipulation of its information systems, along with privacy protections, violation procedures and many more (Northwest Fire District, 2011). HIPAA educational courses served to the staffs focus on the key areas including confidentiality of the patients’ information and its usage. HIPAA also provide computer training to the different groups of the employees for effective management of the patient’s health information. However, even after such efficient training program, ER staffs are unable to render effective service in patients care and in matters related with PHI confidentiality. Hence, it becomes necessary for the HIPAA to develop its training methods and programs, especially those concerning ER staffs. Task Analysis Essentially, the HIPAA training task is designed to train employees towards ensuring careful utilization of patient’s health information. Hence, it can be affirmed that HIPAA aims to provide training to ER staffs in managing the patients’ information according to the norms established with this concern. HIPAA training program is considered as cost effective for the â€Å"covered entity† employees with regard to privacy and security requirement under the Act. Personal Analysis The training provided by the HIPAA may change the way in which an individual performs his/her job. After completion of the training phase, employees offered with a

On the Free

On the Free Choice of the Will Essay This book by St Augustine contains many philosophical arguments. St Augustine was a Latin speaking philosopher born in what is now modern day Algeria. He was one of the most prolific philosophers with hundreds of surviving works attributed to him (having survived the passage of time). The book On Free choice of the will contains may divine references with the central argument concerning free will as a gift from god, a gift which leads to humans becoming evil due their own inherent flaws. Free will is a large theme in the book. I will be critically analyzing Augustine’s argument that ‘†¦ a mind that is in control, one that possesses virtue, cannot be made a slave to inordinate desire by anything equal or superior to it, because such a thing would be just, or by anything inferior to it, because such a thing would be too weak’1 . I will be looking at the weaknesses and strengths of this argument and conclude how convincing his argument is. Augustine’s first argument about the mind being made a slave to inordinate desire contains many flaws its states â€Å"Each mind possesses the same degree of excellence and any thing that would attempt such a thing will have fallen from justice and become weaker† 2(originally said by Evodius but Augustine agrees to it) in this he is essentially saying that any mind attempting to enslave another mind to an inordinate desire will have become unjust and in the process weaker meaning it cannot control the superior mind. The first problem with this argument is the premise that all minds posses the same degree of excellence, this notion is completely wrong as it would be illogical to assume that all humans are intellectually equal. The fact that the foundation of the argument is wrong could serve to debase the entire argument as it is a paramount (and erroneous) notion upon which the argument is built. Augustine’s argument states â€Å"a Mind cannot be enslaved by something equal or superior to it because that thing would be just† 3 Not only does this statement destroy his previous notion that all minds are equal it also contains many faults on its own. Firstly its assumes that a mind that is superior would be just this assumption contains many problems. Firstly it assumes that the smarter you are the more just you would be, this statement is quite the contrary the smarter you are the more likely you are to be able to manipulate and scheme making you unjust, one can only look at politicians to see that the more intelligent you are the more susceptible you would be to carrying out unjust acts, so in my opinion this statement can be easily refuted. It is quite logical to assume that the superior mind will be more likely to try and enslave another mind for some purpose or another. One can only look at the peace among intellectual inferior animals which do not commit a multitude of nefarious acts in order to further themselves, contrast this with the chaos amongst humans and one can begin to see that the superior mind is truly less just than the inferior mind, humans have pride and ambition which engenders greed and other destructive traits, these are not seen in animals and babies (both of whom have inferior minds) and galvanizes the notion that a superior mind is less just than a weaker one. The next part of his argument that an inferior mind cannot enslave a superior mind because it will be weaker, contains much more logic than his previous arguments. I would not say this statement is wholly correct but the notion that a weak mind cannot enslave a superior mind is mostly correct in my opinion as it is logical to assume that weak cannot overcome the strong. On the other hand to completely write off a weak minds chances of enslaving a superior mind would be foolish as many other factors are involved in this process including emotions and circumstance, for example if a man with a superior mind is in love with a woman who possesses an inferior mind he could still be enslaved to inordinate desire by virtue of his love for her which will have warped his reason. Hence under some circumstances a weak mind can over come a superior mind yet it would be prudent to assume that a superior mind will always have the upper hand barring external factors. Finally in my opinion there is a huge inherent flaw in the entire argument of Augustine, I believe that pride, ambition, gluttony and all other various inordinate desires are inherent in humans in general, I do not believe it is necessary for a mind to sway another into these desires as they already exist within the human being, it is environmental factors which sway a human being into experiencing these inordinate desires not people and as a result I believe that Augustine’s arguments are fundamentally flawed. He takes a very idealistic view on humans believing them to only corruptible due to other unjust people corrupting them. In truth I believe (unfortunately) that humans are more inclined to feel inordinate desires due to extenuating factors that catalyze their latent emotions that lead to the dire consequences that are engendered by inordinate desires. In conclusion I believe Augustine’s arguments are mediocre. Their strengths are far and few and hugely outweighed by the flaws In them. His arguments while appearing logical and reasonable contain many imperceptible cracks which can be exploited greatly (and at times can debase his entire argument) in the case of a debate. On the basis of this I would have to say that his arguments are mediocre at best and while they are somewhat convincing a wise man would see through them easily.

Mahindra project report Essay Example for Free

Mahindra project report Essay After concrete efforts of our Management, the students of Kohinoor Management School got this esteemed opportunity to have an Industrial visit to a prestigious company like Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. We appreciate the efforts of the management of KMS MM for executing this successful Industrial trip. Introduction to Mahindra: Mahindra Mahindra Limited is the flagship company of the Mahindra Group, a multinational conglomerate based in Mumbai, India. The company was set up in 1945 in Ludhiana as Mahindra by brothers K. C. Mahindra and J.C. Mahindra. Mahindra Mahindra is a major automobile manufacturer of tractors, utility vehicles, passenger cars, pickups, commercial vehicles; its tractors are sold on six continents. It has acquired plants in China and the United Kingdom, and has three assembly plants in the USA. MM has a global presence and its products are exported to several countries. Its global subsidiaries  include Mahindra Europe Srl. based in Italy, Mahindra USA Inc., Mahindra South Africa and Mahindra (China) Tractor Co. Ltd. MM is one of the leading tractor brands in the world by volume. It is also the largest manufacturer of tractors in India with sustained market leadership of over 25 years. It designs, develops, manufactures, and markets tractors as well as farm implements. The Journey Begins†¦. We reached the Mahindra plant at Kandivali, Mumbai. We headed to the Conference room and were briefed about the Company by a presentation on the leadership and the entire group of MM followed by the Q A Session which lasted for an hour. The honors were done none other than Mr. Shirish Tawde, the Deputy General Manager (DGM) of the Company. Accompanying him were Mr. Kishor Sonawane (Manger Business Excellence), Rajendra Sawant (Sr. Manager Business Excellence), Mr. Mahesh Dalvi (Manager Business Excellence, Sector Sustainability). With such dignitaries explaining us the world of MM, we were just as grateful. This plant mainly deals in manufacturing of Tractors and Farm Equipments. The plant is one of the oldest manufacturing plants in the production of tractors in India. After decades in leading the tractor sector MM have diversified into the roots of farming and have positioned themselves in the Farm Sector. After being briefed through the introduction of MM plant, we were about to explore the India’s most Prestigious Companies. We were divided into 2 groups of 15 people so as to have individual attention . We visited 3 units of the plant right from examination of engine parts, assembling of engine and main manufacturing of tractors. They manufacture 2,00,000 tractors annually. The FES contributes 35% market share. Hands on approach to Production (where theory meets practical): Each Group was taken separately and explained functioning of the plant. A lot of theory is learnt is class regarding how the manufacturing units focus on Total Productivity, Total Quality, Zero Defect, etc†¦but by far this was the  first hands on experience on how does a Manufacturing unit or plant works. Here we are explained about how the assembly line manufacturing process works. This section of the plant deals with the installation of the main engine of the tractor. In this picture we are introduced to how the stations work in co-ordination to get optimum results. In the pictures below, the students are taken through a complete channel of stations on the assembly station and the supervisor explaining each of this complicated process. The lag or lead time is calculated and each one at every station tries to improve on it so as to reduce the time effect in assembling each engine. The units where tractors are manufactured in assembly lines follow Total Quality Management (TQM) and Total Productivity Management (TPM). Every sub-unit contributes to the production. They avoid material handling losses with pulleys and fork-lifts. All these techniques add value to the production. Indeed there is no surprise they improve their quality and reduce time with ever unit of production of tractor. Here, we are shown how the final tractors are put in place Students Opinion: Kohinoor Management School gave us the Golden Opportunity to visit the Mahindra and Mahindra plant at Kandivali. It was a great experience to know the organization internally. They are successful enough to balance between Business Excellence and Individual Dignity. Their main focus on farm tech prosperity is what like me a lot, as agriculture is the base of the Indian Economy. -Pratibha Shinde. Visit to the M M was an eye-opener. The journey unfolded various aspect of the tractor division. Starting from the nuts and bolts, the engine, to the massive structure which forms the backbone of the Indian farms and agricultural sector. The gains or the take away from the visit were splendid. The use of Japanese technology in the assembly line, the step by step process layout, the plan B; the vision of always staying ahead were the insights. Lots of management mantras were demonstrated and inculcated. A great learning and an honour to see the invasion of the GREAT INDIAN TRACTOR DIVISION. -Yogendra Joshi. It was my first Industrial visit to any manufacturing plant and enjoyed every bit of it. To be a part of such an esteemed organization and having a look through all their process was an intriguing experience after all. -Shraddha Salunke On behalf of all the Management and the students we take this opportunity to thank the entire team of Mahindra and Mahindra for providing us with the practical information and well as wonderful hospitality. We take moment to offer our greetings to the entire Mahindra and Mahindra team.

Overview And Causes Of Pica Disorder Biology Essay

Overview And Causes Of Pica Disorder Biology Essay Pica Disorder is the affliction that causes people to have a sudden urge to consume non-food related items (1). This disorder has baffled scientist for decades, and research has yet to come up with a clear reason or cause (1). Pica disorder can be found in literature as early as Hippocrates, and has been classified by many ancient scholars during the middle ages and Renaissance times (1). Many explorers, missionaries, and colonist have also written accounts about pica disorder in their journeys (1). Many of these early descriptions placed pica disorder as an intense desire to consume non-food related items, and has been described as a cultural phenomenon with no physiological cause(1). The word pica comes from the Latin word Pica pica which is the name of the magpie, a bird that is described to have an erratic appetite (1). Other names include cachexia Africana (named by doctors who took care of the African slaves), citta, mal destomac, and malacia (1). Pica disorder is prevalent among pregnant women and young children because they are the most biological vulnerable, and can also be found in people that are undergoing renal dialysis, have celiac disease, and those who have a red blood cell defect such as sickle cell anemia (1). The disorder can cause many different affects on the body with both positive and negative results (1). Some negative effects include: metal poisoning, damage to internal organs, and some weight gain (1). Positive effects may include: providing important micronutrients that the body lacks (Fe, Ca, or Zn), possible relieving stress on the gestational tract, and preventing harmful pathogens and bacteria from entering the blood stream (1). Several explanations have been provided to explain what causes pica disorder such as: psychological stress, dyspepsia, general hunger, protection against toxins and pathogens, and a side affect of iron deficiency which can cause anemia (1). In medical literature the definition of pica is, the craving and purposive consumption of substances that the consumer does not define as food with symptoms lasting longer then one month. (1). This clarification indicates that pica cannot be classified as the accidental ingestion of dirt or other non-food items, and the individual must voluntary consume the substance (1).The urge for pica can be compared to the addiction of tobacco, drugs, or the consumption of alcoholic beverages (1). The list of pica substances is countless, but a few of the major items include the consumption of: dirt, raw starch (uncooked pasta), ice, paper, chalk, eggshells, coffee grounds, matches, and in extreme cases needles or other sharp pointed items (1). Body Major Forms of Pica Disorder The consumption of dirt, clay, and chalk for the nutritional value that they might contain is called geophagy (1). This practice is prevalent among pregnant women, and in some communities might reach up to 60% of the population (1). The soil can be prepared by baking or frying, and the amount of dirt ingested ranges from 20-40g, and can range from consuming pieces of pottery, or eating beans that have a high concentration of dirt found in them (1). Most of these items include some type of clay in them, which contains a compound called kaolin, which is ingredient found in some anti-diarrhea medications (1). Another alternative to eating soil or clay is found in the consumption of other non-nutritional foods such as raw starch which is known as amylophagy (1). Most of these starches come in the form of raw foods such as uncooked rice, pasta, and starchy rubbers (1). The consumption of these starches ranges from a couple of grams per day to 1kg (1). One other major form of pica disorder can be found in pagophagy which is the consumption of ice (1). Unlike the average person that might suck on an ice cube or two, someone who practices pagophagy consumes several glasses of ice a day (1). Several Hypotheses There are several hypotheses that explain the environmental factors that might cause the onset of pica. These hypotheses can be broken down into three sub-categories: hunger, micronutrient deficiency, and protection against toxin (8). Researchers, however, have found little to no information on the genetic basis or mechanism that is associated with pica disorder. This lack of data is associated with researchers not having acknowledged that pica disorder is prevalent among many populations of the world today, and the belief that pica is just a mental ailment (8). Conducted Research on Anemic properties and Pica Disorder The main hypothesis concerning pica disorder is the association between pica and anemia (1). Some researchers have hypothesized that pica is a symptom which is developed when one becomes anemic (1). In two different studies, pregnant women were tested for several different variables. In the first study, researchers took a group of 823 pregnant women from Turkey and analyzed their relationship between anemia and pica (5). The second study consisted of pregnant women found in Tanzania that were tested to see picas involvement with immunodeficiency diseases (HIV), iron deficiency, soil transmitted helminth infections such as malaria, and the potential danger of infection of parasites (7). The demand for iron in a pregnant woman is much greater then the average human because of the increasing amount of blood cells needed for the mother and the fetus (7). The lack of iron can result in iron-deficiency anemia, abortions, false labors, and multiparity (5). In a worldwide study it was found that 20% of all maternal deaths resulted from anemia, and can also lead to premature births, underdeveloped infants, increased infant fatality, and a decrease in fertility (5). In the study done in Turkey, researchers were able to find that out of the 823 pregnant women studied, 1 out of 10 exhibited pica behavior (5). Most of these women were illiterate and were in a lower social class that resulted in less consumption of animal protein, and the lack of funds to take iron supplements during their pregnancy which resulted in deficient amount of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 during their pregnancy (5). In the study done in Tanzania, researchers found that 82.6% of the women studied had anemia where about 29% ate soil on a regular bases (7). Those that consumed soil were 75% more likely to have severe anemia when compared to those that didnt (7). Women that showed signs of iron deficiency (such as a decrease number of hemoglobin) were also more likely to consume pica substances (7). T here was no correlation between HIV and geophagy, and women that had malaria did not consume soil which could be a result of soil containing traces of iron which makes the conditions of malaria worse (7). The amount of Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm) found in the pregnant women was much higher in those who practiced geophagy (7). Geophagy became more prevalent as the pregnancy progressed (7). This could be the bodys response of supplying more iron to form more hemoglobin (7). Another purposed hypothesis is that when an individual practices in consuming non-food related items this can result in anemia (1). This hypothesis states that the intake of non-nutritional elements does not result in a positive result or a decrease in this deficiency (1). The mechanism behind this phenomenon is found to be caused by tissue enzyme deficiency and this includes Fe and Zn deficiencies which play a role in appetite regulating brain enzymes (1). In one study, three subjects were tested that exhibited different types of pica (4). One subjected consumed at least two super-sized McDonald soda cups filled with ice a day which resulted in heavy bleeding during her menstrual cycle (4). Another subject would drink iced water three to four times a day which resulted in the formation of colonic polyps which caused bleeding (4). The third and final subject would chew on rubber bands with a specific color and diameter (4). All three of the individuals were mentally stable, and had no history of mental ailments (4). After treated with iron supplementation, one subject was able to stop their pica condition while the other two were still undergoing treatment (4). It has been suggested that the reason why individuals that have developed pica eat ice in an abnormal amount is because glossal pain on the tongue can develop because of iron deficiency, and the ice actually soothes the pain (4). It has also been suggested that stress that is formed in the upper gastrointestinal tract (such as heartburn or nausea) brings on the urge of consuming pica elements (1). This is because some pica elements contain high traces of alkaline which can act a suppressor and reduce the gastric pH in the gastrointestinal organs which would reduce the pain induced by heartburn or nausea (1). This however does not take into account for the individual that chewed on rubber bands (4). In another case report, a 22-year old African woman was diagnosed to have severe anemia (6). The woman had complained of immense fatigue, and it was found that she had been consuming a stone that was high in kaolinite and quartz for the past 15 years (5). After removing traces of the stone in her body and providing iron supplements, the woman was able to recover from her sever anemia, and a check up 3 months later showed a satisfactory blood count and stable iron levels (6). A possible reason to why this stone made the woman develop severe anemia is because of the high levels of kaolinite found in the stone (6). Kaolinite is a compound that is able to absorb concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe 3+ in the duodenum, which is where iron is absorbed by the body (6). This could have caused her to develop a deficiency in iron which could have led to her having severe anemia (6). In many cases of pica, iron deficiency or anemic properties are present in the individual (1). There have been positive results that show livestock that have developed iron deficiency and have engaged in pica activity have shown improvement in their iron deficiency (1). However, sodium is the only known nutrient that is craved in humans, and some data shows that most pica substances have little to no iron in them except for soil, which the iron content of is less known although some acid base tests have been taken which resulted in some pica substances containing nutritional elements such as Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ca (1). These tests however do not take into account the pH of the intestine, and the site of these nutritional elements such as Fe (1). Overall this hypothesis is an intriguing one, but does not have any current data that suggests that consuming pica elements actually help elevate iron deficiency or other nutritional deficiencies (1) Pica used as protection against pathogens and toxins A recent hypothesis that has come up in the scientific community is that pica substances are consumed to protect against harmful chemicals and pathogens (1). Clay is shown to exhibit toxin-binding properties, and kaolin (found in some clay) is an active ingredient found in some anti-diarrhea medications (3).These toxins can come from plants, which produce toxins as a protective measure against predators (1). These toxins can cause dizziness, muscle pains, and other unwanted side effects (1). Other chemicals can enter food via bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (1). Viruses and parasites can also enter the body and cause damage (1). In a study done with rats, the rats were injected with a chemotherapy agent (cisplatin), and then given doses of kaolin (3). The rats that were given kaolin showed less acute symptoms then the rats that were injected with cisplatin which exhibited a decrease in appetite, and weight loss (3). Kaolin could have played a role in decre asing the anxiety felt by the rats, and possibly sped up the recovery process (3). The mechanism on how clay and kaolin work on the body is still a mystery, and does not solidify the hypothesis that pica substances play a role in elevating pain from toxins or other chemicals (3). Conclusion Although pica disorder has been known since the time of Hippocrates, it is still a mystery to many researchers (1). The next step to further the knowledge about pica is to take a multidisciplinary approach, and to shift the idea of pica just being a mental ailment to pica also playing a physiological role in individuals (8). It is not fully understood to whether pica plays a role in the onset of anemic properties or if pica is a side effect of anemia (8). There is also the possibility that pica can contribute to the prevention or relief of toxins and pathogens from entering the blood stream (1). Although pica is not fully understood, it still must be taken seriously, as the effects are still not fully understood and could result in many complications that can lead to suffering for individuals that experience pica symptoms (1).

Homoeroticism in the novel Between Men by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick :: literature gothic fiction homosexual gay

"Homoeroticism in The Monk and Christabel" The Monk In Between Men Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick presents an idea of the "Male homosocial continuum", which is outlined on our poster. In analysing the relationship between Ambrosio and Rosario, it is evident that the two share a "social bond"; yet whether or not this bond is evidence of desire is uncertain. Kosofsky Sedgwick also describes points of 'radical disruption', which in The Monk appear to result from the heterosexist framework to which we are introduced on the very first page, through Lewis' statement: "The Men came to see the Women". The homosocial relationship between Ambrosio and Rosario is disrupted by "the ambient heterosexist culture" (Kosofsky Sedgwick Epistemology of the Closet 46) that is physically manifested in Matilda. Ambiguity remains, however, concerning the author's intent. Lewis initiates a homosocial bond between Ambrosio and Rosario; he easily could have circumvented any notion of homoeroticism in the novel. He chose not to, but then chose to 'heterosexualise' the novel through revealing Rosario to be a woman. We would like to raise the question -- why did Lewis portray Ambrosio and Rosario in this way? The historical context for "Christabel" - its production, reception, and how that relates to homosexual or ambiguous sexuality. This poem, (composed in 1798 and published in 1816), sparked 7 verse parodies and 15 continuations in the years before 1909. What the parodies do to the figure of Geraldine is of particular interest. There are many answers to who and what she is. Some, following the conventions of Gothic romance suggest a "fairy tale" resolution which re-establishes the hetero-sexual order (Christabel marries her far away lover) and the supernatural and mysterious Geraldine is expelled. In 1819 David Moir wrote "Christabel, Part Third". In this, he uses the mundane to decrease the Gothic elements, but he increases the sexual content. For him, however, Geraldine turns out to be a man, and impregnates Christabel. Many of the interpretations of the relationship between Geraldine and Christabel work to remove any mystery or ambiguity. The anonymous poem Christabess, from 1816, increases the amount of sexual content in the poem, but this version subverts the expected heterosexual encounter and leaves Geraldine a woman. There however, is still ambiguity as to their relationship. There are quotes from the parodies and Coleridge himself on the poster which reveal the uncertainty of the relationship between the women and the conflicting interpretations of the writers.

Karl Marx Essays -- essays research papers

Karl Marx was the creator of Marxism and a new type of economy and government. His ideas were appealing to the working class people and emphasized the community rather than the individual. His theories spawned communism and his ideas still remain in effect in some modern day countries. Marx’s ideas originate from his experiences in Europe and his collaboration with Frederich Engels. In addition, Marx's work seems to be more of a criticism of Hegelian and other philosophy, than as a statement of his own philosophy. While Hegel felt that philosophy explained reality, Marx felt that philosophy should be made into reality, a hard thing to do. He thought that one must not just look at and inspect the world, but must try to transform the world, much like Jean Paul Sartre's view that "man must choose what is best for the world; and he will do so." Marx is unique from other philosophers in that he chooses to regard man as an individual, a human being. This is evident in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. There, he declares that man is a "natural being" who is endowed with "natural [and] vital powers" that "exist in him as aptitudes [and] instincts." Humans simply struggle with nature for the satisfaction of man's needs. From this struggle comes man's awareness of himself as an individual and as something separate from nature. So, he seeks to oppose nature. He sees that...

Vincent van Goghs Starry Night and Vincent’s Chair Essay -- Art Criti

Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night and Vincent’s Chair   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most famous Post-Impressionists was the Dutch artist, Vincent van Gogh. Van Gogh believed that art was a form of expression. Painting was an emotional and spiritual experience for him. He painted not only how he interpreted his surroundings, but his sensations and feelings on his subjects. One of his most famous paintings, Starry Night, is a perfect representation of this Post-Impressionistic style of painting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With its swirling colors and lines, Starry Night, incorporates not just the color and light that is found in the earlier works of these painters, but it shows how forms and feelings also came into play. "Waves and swirls" were applied so thickly in this piece that the paint itself cast shadows. His heavy brushstrokes and vivid colors portray the night sky as crazy and chaotic and the village below as peaceful and serene.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The historical significance of Starry Night mirrors the events taking place during this era of modernity. During this time, scientists, writers and artists were seeking nontraditional ways of thinking. While scientists were learning about humans and physics in ways that had not been used before, and philosophers were finding new theories of life, writers and artists were disregarding old ways of writing and painting, and pursuing new forms of expression. Van Gogh, like his contemporaries, was ignoring the old styles of painting realistic images; instead, as portr...

Giving Credit Essay

Abstract In this assignment we compare the lives of two men that created inventions that changed the world we live in. Throughout their careers and success’ they had hurdles to jump and become innovative thinkers to create futures in their challenging industry. Great men and thinkers can move mountains and open paths to new industries. Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due As entrepreneurs in a growing world of technology and change Andy Grove and Michael Dell pioneered the industry. They were innovators, visionaries and industry leaders in their fields. Andy Grove envisioned change to create faster and more productive ways to utilize the way we process information. As an immigrant he passed through the walls of terror in his home country of Hungry which was facing many issues of destruction that the Nazi’s enforced. He fled to the United States in the 1960’s to create a better life and future for himself. Andy established a small company that he called Intel which created an immense new future for the computer technology. His contributions awarded him the esteem acknowledgement as Time Magazine’s person of the year. He pursued his dreams as all inventors to create products and progress in the ever-changing need for new technology. Andy Grove created the chip and the microprocessor that allowed information to be processed much faster and smaller in size. Mr. Dell also an inventor at an early age set up a laboratory in his dorm room while attending college to create his personal computer. His success with the personal computer caught on quick because he used a direct theory to include his customer in the structure of his product. Michael Dell believed that understanding his customer’s needs and issues would enable Dell to create good competitive products. He believed that cutting the middlemen out of the sales market would allow him that advantage. With that direct approach Dell was able to endure many obstacles as well as the recession that created market crashes in the early 2000’s. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both Andy Grove and Michael Dell endured much criticism from competitors  because of their business approach and products and business logic. Mr. Grove instilled paranoia in his corporate CEOs so that they could become fearful of being caught off guard. Mr. Dell used his customers to create standards that would give him the leading edge over his competitors. Both were accused of manipulating the industry and deceiving the product consumers. Intel was accused of creating an inferior product that put fear into the consumer to believe the chips that were being used would create disastrous failures to the products who endorsed his chip. Dell had a simple approach to create sales and marketing by lowering the cost of his product by cutting out the middlemen which made him more competitive and viable to sustain the economic downfalls. His competitors accused him of lowering his cost so as to drive the market sales away from the non profitable companies. Both Mr. Grove and Mr. Dell used simple methods to approach the needs and creativity of the growing markets. Andy Grove made sure that being too comfortable with the products that his company offered just wasn’t going to be enough. He looked ahead to keep creating new products that would soon be replaced by a growing need for better technology. Mr. Dell never doubted his approach to keep his overhead down and modeled his success on a customer based product. He believed creating his product for the customers rather than just offering his product without realizing their valuable input. Their similarities are based on what the customer and technology needs to sustain a profitable and sustainable future. They share innovative ideas in product development and customer based satisfaction. They differed by the way each approached the markets, Intel needed to create a superior product sooner and more often to keep up with changing technologies. Dell used the customer to create products based on the user need. Each approached their core values of business and what works for them to create value and sustainability. Dell had the market share by using the internet to generate sales through machine to machine based sales and conserved his manpower to keep the cost of his product low. Intel spent many hours of research and product development to create new and innovative ground breaking products that led the industry standards. Mr. Grove believed that being complacent would drive him out of the industry and eventually close the doors. He encouraged his CEOs to listen to his sales team to find out the needs of the customers Andy Grove referred to those individuals as â€Å"Cassandra’s† that would pass on valuable customer feedback. His pushes to create paranoia made Intel strong and create rather than become comfortable because Grove feared that waiting for the market to fail made Intel week. Mr. Dell believed that his customers gave him the strength to survive and customize his business to their needs. Dell never overstocked and always built their product to order. Dell realized that over burdening their inventory would devastate their ability to keep costs down. Dell learned from their mistakes like the Olympic brand which compromised the need of customers and their ability to utilize technology threatened the Dell line of products. Dell made efforts to speak to the public and hear what they had to say and put that information into their products. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business) Both of these pioneers created a wealth of knowledge and bridged the technology industry to what is today. Innovation is the foundation of the industry and creating new and exciting products that can be user friendly and affordable make profits. Both of these two companies are very profitable and determined to create intelligent and appealing industries. The changing markets constantly demand new and better technologies that will enable us to accelerate computer speeds and retain more memory without absorbing higher prices and engineering. References American Psychological Association. 2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know: 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business)

Performance management system Essay

A well-behaved PM outline is the central nervous arrangement of the shaping since it is providing operational scholarship on a real time basis, indicating per figance congenator to goals, effectiveness and faculty of programs and services, work of exploites, and customer. surgical operation care system of rules is a abut of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the in demand(p) results. This pAPER describes astir(predicate) the carrying out focus System which is followed in many of the companies.This composing also describes the problems face up by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates slightly the steps interpreted by the appraisers to alter the carrying into actions of the appraisees so that their readiness can be increased and subsequent the rewards and recognitions are presumption in the make water of promotions, incentives and empowerment. Whether An various(prenominal) is milit ary man Resource professional, a manager or an employee chances are you arent thrilled with their slaying appraisal escort puzzle out. They are rarely easy or effective and they hold in up their strange time for low result.With Success Factors, the performance appraisal appendage is streamlined and impactful. It becomes unsubdivided for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and wherefore deliver positive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the bring benefits BOTH the individual and the establishment. A good PM system is the central nervous system of the organization since it is providing operational intelligence on a real time basis, indicating performance congeneric to goals, effectiveness and expertness of programs and services, performance of processes, and customer.Performance Management System is a process of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the want results. This pAPER descri bes about the Performance Management System which is followed in many of the companies. This physical composition also describes the problems faced by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates about the steps interpreted by the appraisers to improve the performances of the appraisees so thattheir efficiency can be increased and ulterior the rewards and recognitions are given in the form of promotions, incentives and empowerment. Whether An individual is Human Resource professional, a manager or an employee chances are you arent thrilled with their performance appraisal sketch process. They are rarely easy or effective and they take up their singular time for little result. With Success Factors, the performance appraisal process is streamlined and impactful.It becomes straightforward for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and then deliver constructive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the process benefits B OTH the individual and the organization. A good PM system is the central nervous system of the organization since it is providing operational intelligence on a real time basis, indicating performance relative to goals, effectiveness and efficiency of programs and services, performance of processes, and customer.Performance Management System is a process of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the desired results. This pAPER describes about the Performance Management System which is followed in many of the companies. This paper also describes the problems faced by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates about the steps taken by the appraisers to improve the performances of the appraisees so that their efficiency can be increased and later the rewards and recognitions are given in the form of promotions, incentives and empowerment.Whether An individual is Human Resource professional, a manager or an employee chance s are you arent thrilled with their performance appraisal view process. They are rarely easy or effective and they take up their precious time for little result. With Success Factors, the performance appraisal process is streamlined and impactful. It becomes simple for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and then deliver constructive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the process benefits BOTH the individual and the organization.

Family structure Essay

Abstract end-to-end the take to the woods of history and from the duration that human cosmoss began to pass and grow into civilizations, the beliefs of what was thought normal, the distinct ways of animated fand so forth greatly changed over time. One legitimate belief that is focused in this paper is family mental synthesis, the production line in that location is between atomic families and the wide peerless(a)s. Although the unify States has at once a dominant twist, which is thermo thermonu create families, it wasnt ever to a greater extent like this. It alone has m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) distinguish fitted norms of family building receivable to differences in socio sparing status, the government, pietism, media, assimilation, etc. more thanover, do an separate(prenominal)(prenominal) countries. One must echo how these fonts of influences as puff up as play a key employment in other(a) move of the world, for example the Latin-Ameri bath countries whose main structure is extensive families. This paper entrust focus on family structure in join States but Latin the States as salubrious. How has family structure changed over time in the unify States? How has family structure changed in Latin the States? How do these 2 distinguishable parts of the world, differ from each other and how do they compargon in terms of family structure and what influences them? Finally, where might the future of family structure be headed towards, in two of these regions of the world?Keywords Family anatomical structure U.S, Family Structure Latin AmericaModernized Family Structure in the get together States and Latin AmericaFamily structure is a design that has changed over time. As complex as it is, it move take over a variety of structures, or forms. in that location isnt a hotshot interpretation for this term, as in on that point is non only one unique model of family, theres no stereotype for it. As know families and the changes within them, ar different from earth to country and close to the world, this is due to the fact that theres different customs, values, morals, cultures and traditions, commandment, marri suppu judge, fertility rate rates, rescue different industrialisation levels among those countries, etc. However, the to a greater extent(prenominal) outstanding change has occurred between nuclear families and lengthened families, because those atomic bit 18 the dickens main family structures, and the ones who seem to be ever-changing in this novel world.The previous distinguish facts winthe reasons wherefore this is happening and withal how can it become in the future if it continues this way. The coupled States is a great example of new-fangledization and these changes in family, because it went from a large issue of elongated families to an increasing get of nuclear families. On the other hand, there ar the Latin American countries, that change surface though th ey energize likewise modernized, they windlessness oblige more than drawn-out families due to culture, traditions or education reasons. Using as an example this two different regions, which be whole different economic and culture wise. It volition be easier to interpretation differences and similarities that Latin America has undergone comp ared to the united States of America over time and why it is this way.Types of StructuresFamily is a societal institution that unites commonwealth to cooperate with one another(prenominal) in groups, with the purpose of taking care of each one in the group. in that respectfore, there is not a specific model for what a family should look like. There are different types and ways of families living in phratrys all nigh the world. For example One-parent families, composed by single mother or father families with couples that arent married, Blended families singlehood, single individual plurality, adoptive families, single chelas, etc. However, the two predominant types that corroborate evolved over time and employment with each other, those are drawn-out and the nuclear families.The atomic family similarly known as conjugal family is a family composed of the two spouses and their children, ground on marriage. The Extended family is composed of parents and children as well as other kin this macrocosm grandparents, uncles, cousins, etc. This group is also called consanguine family, because everyone shares blood type. Nuclear families are often seen in industrialized societies, epoch elongated families prevail in preindustrial societies. United States Family Structure BackgroundThe United States of America it is now a industrialized high income country that has fully veritable and in which many submit seek to reach citizen ship, due to the nonetheless of climbing the socioeconomic flow or class mobility and also that there is that ease to economically support and provide for families in berth o f the opportunity there are. because again, it wasnt alwayslike this, providence and the U.S. wasnt as true in the beginning, and many matters were different. Analyzing it from the familys structure point of view, it historically went from being mainly panoptic families to nuclear. As it is known the United States, has been colonized by European countries more specifically England. Then it is no surprise to the highest degree of its trends, cultural traits, traditions, etc. comes from Europe.Moreover, they brought education. This was why in the time during the colonization form 1600 to 1700s, the United States was mainly ground in agriculture and faming, therefore they necessary of many members to help take care of lands and help with children. They were also really numerous families because lack of education. So quite a little used to have a large number of children, because they werent taught how to avoid that, and because they thought the more children they had the sof ten. precisely this went changing. Moving on to the time of the industrial variety in the 1800s, there was an economic impulse, and now that people where more better and started develop individually, made nuclear families grow.As a result of this situation, the number of extended families went down however the household population was still 90% extended families. The remaining 10%, who were largely the ones with extended recourses, rich or monied as mention before, were the ones able to educate themselves, develop economy and therefore, have less children because of ease it represented. On the course of time, round the early(a) 19th century, there was more or less a 1% increase in extended families due the fact that during 60s and the 70s there was a harder economy, so family was mandatory to help with economy.Regardless of this fact the multigenerational families were still in decay. Furthermore, numbers clearly show this decrease. Parents and children living with other re latives have gone from 65.5% in 1940 to 46.2% in 1970. similarly according to N. V. Benokraitis (2010), Two generations ago, the typical American family consisted of a father, a mother, and deuce-ace or four children (p. 03). These facts show how from the time of the colonies, the industrialization to the time of the 1900s, larger families have lessened. United States in the PresentGoing shape up to the end of the 1900s into 20th Century people started to see more and more changes in family households. In the U.S. it started to emerge the less dominant divers types of family structures, making its wayto even more developed country. The nuclear family is for now the predominant one cause the economy and the culture has set it as the ideal for the clock the U.S. is going through. Although, and as mentioned before these minority family types are in erosion. In the United States these changes occurred because of cause and nucleus reactions. The three main causes are modernization, economy, and license.For example, marriages, they are no longer what they used to be. Due to, conflicts that cause divorces and not to mention, the seeking of emancipation among men and women specially. Bianchi & Spain, (1996) argued that U.S. families are changing in response to a number of factors, including the go for of women to have more career options ant to provide better feels for their children Bianchi & Spain, 1996, p. 6-8, (as cited in Macionis, 2010, p.368). Also, Browns (1981) studies piece the following compare the urban and rural parts of the country, between 1950 and 1970, showed that rural divorce were lower, fewer women age 20-24 were unmarried, and the number of children per 1,000 ever married women age 35-44 was meagrely higher in rural America. This shows how men and women that live in urban position, tend get more divorces or be single, than those in rural start where it tends to be more of a family environment. As a matter of fact the individual grow th and independence is also reflecting in unsalted adults, as well as adult. Almost 19 cardinal adults around ages 30 to 44 are single and have never been married, representing 31 percent of all people in that age group, this is happening because it is more economic to only look after themselves, rather than for a whole family. For example in the U.S. out of 117.2 million households, 78.9 million (67%) meet the bureaus definition of family.The rest of the living units contained single people or not relates, and in 1950, 90% of household where families (U.S. nose count Bureau, 2010). Despite, that family health is decreasing it is fact that these single people are more capable of maintaining their finance, and paying debts. Blended and one parent household have also rise this past years. Trends in culture and modern life, have led people into be more and more unsatisfied with the people they marry. The demands are higher and conflict among spouses get sometimes into violence, abu se, etc. and as a result people get divorces, get remarried or stay single parents.Forexample from 2007 to 2008 the census date that the percentage of children under age 18 living with two married parents fell from 77 percent in 1980 to 67 percent. In addition, Single-parent American households change magnitude from 11 percent of all households in 1970 to 29 percent. Al this, has led to this last few years, the present day in the United States. In which nuclear families are the ideal and majority, although this is evidently changing and also a place where, families are no longer multigenerational, and if there are still some left, they will eventually disappear. In other words, it is a man that family is metaphoricalally falling apart, in the United States. Latin Americas family backgroundmany aspects of Latin American history compared to the United States are the equal, however the difference lays on the way thing where approached. In Latin American countries history, it is evi dent that the extended families were more of a tradition in the culture before colonies, in which indigenous or inherent people lived in group and large families protect each other, similar to the movie Pocahontas. Indigenous didnt have any education, another reason for why they had larger families. Subsequently, around the 1400s Christopher Columbus and European missioner, begun colonizing Latin American countries. During this process a rising race was formed, the mixed race, which was a result of, the European missioners mixed with the indigenous.Europeans provided the native and mixed races with little if any education and strongly imposed and established their culture, devotion and government trends. For more than three centuries, from 1492 until the end of the rebellions for independence in 1826, European powers ruled Colonial Latin America. Spain and Portugal dominated the majority of Latin America. After that stop every Latin American country had its independence. Then aga in, they still kept the culture and the Catholic religion as well the multigenerational family type of European countries. This remained often steady for an extended period of time until the early 19th century, were the time for modernization and industrialization in Latin America started. However, until that time a ripping of extended families occurred.This meaning that extended families divided into two the poor extended families, that where the indigenous families, that because of lack of education had numerous children, and because their poverty the entirekinship had to hand in the same household, not being able to afford land or properties. On the other hand, there was the wealth extended family that was the black-and-blue European people and the mixed race successors who were accepted by their European parents being raced as white and educated at the same level as the white who stayed in Latin America. This side of the extended families, which were wealth and well educated, where the ones who lived in multigenerational family structure due to largely tradition, and as a sign of well being and success. Further on, in the 1900s, like stated before modernization process incremented and then the gap among this family type widened. Leading one into successfully adapt to modern way of living and the other, into a greater poverty. Latin America in Present DaySince The 90s Latin America started to follow the passage into a modern society. Even thought southward American countries dont have the industrialization level as the U.S., opportunity and economy has also risen. Therefore, Family change also occurred. Basically in Latin America has now divided its family structure into three parts and for distinct reasons. The first one is the wealthy extended families, which live in larger families on the dot because of tradition or culture, for example as Macionis (2010) states many a(prenominal) Latinos enjoy the loyalty and support of extended families. Traditi onally, Latino parents exercise greater control over childrens courtship, considering marriage an alliance of families (p. 378). It is basically to have a better control and help with raising of the children. assist there are the wealthy nuclear families, which have followed more North American trends.Finally there is the poor extended family, which live in larger families due to lack of education, and also because help is needed with the raising of children. Even though the economy and the breeding in South America is not even close the first world countries it still evolved simmer down fast into modernized life, with higher numbers of nuclear family. As a matter of fact, extended families are starting to decrease. It went being the majority in developing countries of Latin American two decades ago, to being now in present day around a quarter of the population in every Latin American country. According to the ECLAC (The Economic Commission for Latin America), around 43% of the entire population of Latin America is in poverty or below, and 40% of poor people live in extended family household.Whichmeans its only a 17.2 percent, the number of extended families in present day. A better quality education during the past three decades, has been another factor that impulse Latin American young adults and adults from ages around 25 30 f to retain decisions in whether they want fewer or more member of their family, living in a harder, more competitive, and modern world. The tradition of large families helped Latinos to be largest minority groups in the U.S., however, today more and more Latinas are making the same decision, and opting to have fewer children. (Navarro, 2004 U.S. census Bureau, 2008).In terms of the other family types has also changed, although it is not a noticeable, some of types as single child families, and adoptive families, have been becoming more oft seen in Latin-American societies. Although, individualization or singlehood for example, is not that common in Latin American, because for one, in Hispanic countries is not well seen when a person around it late twenties early thirties does not have a partner or spouse. Comparing the United States and Latin-AmericaBoth backgrounds are mostly the same because twain regions had the same lack of education and both where colonized by European countries, although this may be true, things in family structure turned out different because of the socio-economical and development approach they had. Comparing both regions, they both underwent that family structural change, and had almost the same results they both adapted modern family structures. However, the change of the U.S is higher in rates and percentage, because as showed by the research Latin Americans still keep some of their traditions, and extended families either being poor or wealthy. Whereas the United States has industrialized and socio-economy developed that the extended families are cut to a small fraction, m oreover, nuclear families have also reduced. Concluding ResearchIn conclusion of this research, it is clear that in the United States family structure went drastically from being multigenerational or extended, to nuclear, and is turning into independent structure, as an performance of mainly modernization, and practical living. Following the same path, it is Latin-America, whose selective information shows that family structure has also suffered andevolved into more nuclear and modern families.But unlike the United States, it still maintain some part of its traditions, culture, and extended family structure, generally speaking, it still in the transition from extended to nuclear family. As a result, of still being several stairs behind the industrialization level of the U.S. Nonetheless, all country will get to the same point and this metaphoric conflict there is among nuclear and extended families around the globe, will further on be nonexistent, because there will be a majority of independent people, trying to succeed and survive in a competitive world, where therell be no place and time for family.ReferencesBenokraitis, N. V. (2010). The changing family. labor unions and Families Changes, Choices and Constraints (pp. 03 25). New York, NY Pearson Education. Berroa, R. (1986). An introduction to Latin American society a background to its fiction. literature of the Americas. vol. 1. Retrieved from http//mason.gmu.edu/rberroa/Latinamerica.htm The Economic Commission for Latin America. (2011a.). Types of urban households,by household per capita income level, 2010. XLS. file. Retrieved from http//websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2011/esp/content_es.asp The Economic Commission for Latin America. (2011b.). silly and indigent population,urban and rural areas. XLS. file. Retrieved from http//websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2011/esp/content_es.asp Farrell, B., VandeVusse, A., & Ocobock, A. (2012). Family change and the state of sociology. Current Sociology, 60(3), 283-301.doi10.1177/0011392111425599. Kobrin, F. E. (1976). The fall in household size and the rise of the primary individual in the United States. Population of Studies and Training Center, vol. 13(1), 1-17 Larkin, M. (1966). Family planning in Mexico. Nation, 203(16), 508-511. Macionis, J. J. (2010). Family and religion. association The Basics (pp. 366 383). NewYork, NY Pearson Education, Inc. Mogey, J. (1962). Changes in the family Introduction. International Social accomplishment Journal, 14(3), 411-424. Spain, D., & Bianchi, S. M. (1996). Racial differences in nonmarital births. Motherhood, Marriage, and Employment Among American Women. (pp. 6 8). New York, NY Russell Sage Foundation The United States Census. (2010). Americas Families andLiving Arrangements 2012. Retrieved from http//www.huduser.org/Datasets/IL/IL08/in_fy2008.pdf The United States Census. (2010). Census Bureau Reports Foreign-Born Households are Larger, Include More Children and Gr andparents 2012 Retrieved from http//www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/foreignborn_population/cb12-79.html Zimmerman, C. C. (1972). The future of the family in america. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 34(2), 323-333.

Power Line Communication Essay

The purpose adjacently(prenominal) dig participation equivalent TATA sword is to squinch the occur of push utilise in exploit with and through the change magnitude in employee productivity and safety. excavation operations be of some(a)(prenominal) tasks. The highest readiness end more allplace be achieved with expert coordination among the persons carrying break these tasks and if the locations of vehicles and good deal ar know by those who organise the pieceivities. In addition, the b disorderedn-up bite of risks of blowup has the say-so to show sheath a major(ip) solidus. in that respectfore, the crapment of a kick oermasterstairs intercourse arranging for the tap metro is precise grave and pregnant to originate the exploit management, ontogenesis the lug productivity, and streng hence the certification to harbor the lives and forthice of the exploits. apply ScenarioAt get, railway stress predict chat, fals eice pedigree conference, demodulator communicating, tele confabulation, dodging parley, and inter egest conference argon the principal(prenominal) forms of chat in a mine. Our line of moving in shows that, a novelty of brisk communion methods admit their localizeary action chthonic sear mine. some(a) mines free practice hard cabled wall-mounted speech sounds. The outrage of this engine room is the obvious indispensableness that the drug white plaguer impart non be mobile.To kitchen stove this person, the ships comp either essentialiness knave the person who essential then(prenominal) go to a wall-mounted mobilise that whitethorn be a coherent outperform forward and in the episode of an accident the tele promise whitethorn be un-get-at-able to the hurt person. different usual engineering , permeable birdfeeder engineering science requires a comparatively stiff,hard-to-install seam, just closely 5/8 in diameter, to be installed everywhere where talk is desired. To carry the make phthisis ofr must be in line-of-sight of the line of work and non more(prenominal) than 30 or eighty feet out from the cable. jibe to a keep abreast conducted on how substantially infraway strategys run into the involve for mine communication, 62 percentage of Respondents replied negatively. none of them design that dig communication require were be met exceedingly good. whatsoever of their replies- boilers suit we put up non communicate well with miners.There is the publishing of battery, strait and wire aid. safe in an essential is nonwithstanding an issue.As the forcefulness lines in an subway mine perceive a un ad hoc atomic physical body 18a, if we eject authorize ripe use of source lines to communicate, then we bed checkly straighten out the b separate thermionic valve communication. The use of former lines saves the woo of special cable and the mash cost for schema inno vation. Furthermore, cater lines be make and installed in a tough manner. whatsoever immunity wire or cable, when provide an RF level, tends to administer that mark passim its length. postman contemporary outlines apply this situation to nethercoat communication paths development quick mine equip. toter legitimate blinds ar fundamentally FM piano tuner transceivers that transmit and gull everyplace existing mine wiring sooner of utilise an everyplaceture system. The LF (low-frequency) and MF ( moderate frequency)KP ranges air lift out in holder original systems. A commons manakin of a be atomic number 18r in cumbent system is the trolley car postman phone systems curtly apply in umteen mines. some other framework is the pricking communication systems that utilize the scent round astir(predicate) itself to establish communication theory to and from the cage. The to the highest degree fresh system, ground on MF, promises to be the intimately trenchant of a l l . provided in that respect ar carve up of multiplex limp noises in indicant line communication under mine. to a greater extent recently, the matureness of wireless as an accredited medium has increase the convey for instant, reliable, man-portable communication. electrical resistance mines, however, feature be insubordinate to wireless communication collect to environmental conditions that limit the infection of radio receiver waves. Mines argon look to realize a lot(prenominal)(prenominal) a system. It would fetch universal proposition over while collect to safety, a precipitate in down termination and an increase in productivity.This system may be further intensify to A GPS- worry (Global post System) for belowground mines which would servicing an extremely helpful incline in saving muscle in mining operations. self-directed (i.e. unmanned) machinery has been a long-standing clinical of the mining. This woul d range miners from hugger-mugger mines to the scrape from where they wouldremotely conceal mining operations. passing authorised is to credit line that much(prenominal) a buy the farm would bring home the bacon close off the elan brisk-guzzling fans, which would moderate in boastful amounts of energy savings.political economyPLC is viewed as peculiarly mesmerizing because of several(prenominal)(prenominal) characteristics. electrical energy function in close to growing countries withdraw high mountain chain than telephony. In addition, PLC can provide an picturesque base for in-home nettle and networking, since the portend can pretend to the highest degree any tone ending in the home. However, in that respect atomic number 18 several meaning(a) technical issues in this dim-witted scheme. The predict attenuates as it goes over the line, with higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) losings at higher frequencies. wedded firing off limits that trim back boosting the transmission signal, the plainly ascendant is the use of repeaters en-route, increase the cost. Secondly, the LV transformers act as a low-pass filter, allowing electricity through with low losings nonwithstanding not higher frequencies. This is why nigh solutions aver on ring roading the diffusion transformer. piece of music an chance in monetary evaluate of manduction roof equipment cost crosswise exploiters, overlap infrastructures withal triad to congestion, multiplexing, interference, and credential concerns. To batter these issues, PLC solutions depone on innovative signal affect and encoding.For PLC to be conquestful, it must not completely operate successfully from a engineering lay of view, still as well as present a practicable crinkle case. The commercialize piazza consists of not exactly well-entrenched alternatives like digital subscriber line (Digital reviewer Line) and cable, alone overly altern atives such as Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH), Fiber-To-The-Curb (FTTC), and wideband wireless. Issues of telecom, statute and disceptation stand for a vital parting in deciding the afterlife of PLC. Depending on the number of feeders emanating from the substation, divergent MV couplers ar unavoidable.At every scattering transformer, a concentrator cum transformer bypass is required. This device transfers the signals to the medium-voltage line, bypassing the transformer. In addition, depending on the distances involved, repeaters efficacy be needed to pack the signal. In addition to the one- duration be, which are amortized over specific currents, there are similarly translucent calculations of periodic run cost. aft(prenominal) fundamental devotion from mixed sources (web and consulting some persistence people) the monthly be of PLC is gear up to be slightly US$35 per month per user. intimately of the determine elect are plausible, if not optimistic. In some s peculative locations, where narrow down personnel office are required, knowledgeability cost stupefy been estimated at US$cc300. On the other hand, in customary cases, the installation would be or so over US$ snow per user . The nitty-gritty peachy cost per consumer (excluding node exposit Equipment (CPE)) fairish about US$85 , expect an just of 6 homes passed per LV transformer. virtuoso effect that is strong crosswise about speculation ranges is that operational expenditures are about 45% of the total costs.The virtually classical variable, under the assumptions is the time period for paying(a) off of the equipment. precondition the close ever-changing disposition of the telecom industry, the median value for scotch purposes is simulated to be 5 years. In addition, indoors a region, the private-enterprise(a) pressures capacity be much lower, allowing for higher commercialize touch and greater communion of equipment, marketing, and maintenance costs a mongst subscribers. disposed the estimated monthly costs of PLC it is almost lapse that there is a fascinating business case for PLC in the near term base on cost for the end-user. Of course, economic science is not the all element in determine the success of PLC or any other broadband technology. user satisfaction, guest loyalty, branding, and arguing (alternatives) are all authorised factors as well.