North American Free Trade Agreement

Introduction The NorthAmerican free trade agreement (NAFTA) is a trade agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico. Effected in the year 1994, the agreement substituted the former Canada-United States free trade agreement which only involved the two countries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on North American Free Trade Agreement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to discuss how the formation of the North American free Trade Agreement affected politics and economies of the three countries: Canada, Mexico and the United States. The paper will discuss the backgroundto the formation of the agreement, its terms and the effects that the agreement has impacted in the politics and the economies of three member countries. Background of NAFTA Prior to the formation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, there existed a trade agreement between the United States and Canada. The agreement that seemed to isolate Mexico saw the country of Mexico adjust its structures and systems towards international trade in order to resolve its economic crisis due to destabilized oil prices and overwhelming foreign debts that Mexico had been experiencing since the 1980s.Being drawn to international trade and the move that saw Mexico join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) forced Mexico to review its regulations and terms to international trade. The economic reforms done through reduction of trade barriers, in a bid to comply with the globalization wave, motivated Mexico to trade agreements besides the normal international trade. This consequently led to the readiness of Mexico to forge an economic bloc with the already established Canada- United States free trade agreement. This led to the formation of the North American Free Trade Agreement that was established in the year 1992 (Kehoe 1). Terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement The free trade agreement made between the three countries had provisions to help achieve theobjectives of a free trade bloc and regulations to help protect industries in the countries in terms of competitive advantage. The agreement had provisions to protect patent rights and curb production of counterfeit goods. Generally, the aim of the agreement was to improve trade among the three countries by total removal of tariffs and other limitations to international trade such as international trade formalities and requirements. One of the provisions of the trade agreement was that the trade among the three countries was to be free from government policies which control international trade. It also provided for freedom to â€Å"cross boarder services rules† (Trade1).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This meant that companies and organizations within the three countries had the freedom to cho ose their trade locations free from control by any of the governments. The agreement also provided for universal access to governments’procurement processes in the three countries to enable suppliers bid for any public tenders in any of the countries without limitations. The agreement also provided for the adoption and use of similar customs rules in the three countries. In its terms, the North American Free Trade Agreement provided â€Å"protection against unjustified actions† (Trade1) by any country against traders from other member countries. It also ensured provisions for â€Å"fairness for investors† among its member states. Under these provisions, the modes for undertaking a â€Å"safeguard action† was outlined with a further provision that any such actions required compensation to any member country affected by the action. The terms of the agreement also provided for â€Å"environmentally sound investments† (Trade1), protection to service pr oviding companies and protection to â€Å"intellectual rights† among others (Trade1). Economic Impacts of NAFTA on its Member Countries The formation and implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement had economic impacts on the countries owing to the fact that barriers to trade were eliminated increasing the volume of trade among the three countries. Mexico and NAFTA With consideration to the trade activities between the United States and Mexico, there were significant impacts in the Mexican economy derived from the liberalized trade. In general terms, the trade agreement brought significant benefits to the Mexican economy. In a research conducted by the World Bank in the year 2005, it was realized that in its contribution to the Mexican economy, the North American Free Trade Agreement improved the development levels in Mexico. The study actually compared the developments in Mexico at the time to that of the United States. This can be viewed as boost to the Mexica n economy taking into consideration that Mexico was in an economic crisis two decades earlier. The liberalized trade, according to the World Bank study, improved the technology in the Mexican industrial sector.The subsequent expansion of the sector together with the improved technology improved the â€Å"number and quality of jobs†(Villareal 17).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on North American Free Trade Agreement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trade liberalization also exposed the three member states to the sensitivity to each other’s economies. The free transfer of goods and services among the countries has the impact of transferring economic implications together with the flow of goods and services. An increase in the price of raw materials in one country will impact on the price of the end product of the resource. This will be transferred to the other countries inducing its impact in the destination country. It has also been established that the trade agreement was fundamental in the Mexican economic recovery that was realized in the year 1995. Through the terms of the trade agreement, Mexico reformed its economic policies. This move boosted the confidence of foreign investors and as a result attracted investments into the country. With respect to the reports from World Bank, Mexico has overwhelmingly experienced economic developments and the improved economic status is attributed to the North American Trade Agreement. The trade agreement also contributed to average change in the wages in Mexico. It is noted that with the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the wage rate offered in Mexico increased steadily between the years 1990 and 2000. The wage rate has since then been fluctuating along a mean rate (Villareal 18).Mexico has particularly been on the receiving end of the trade agreement. As a result of the increased international trade du e to the NAFTA trade agreement, the Mexican international trade increased from about thirty five percent to over sixty percent in a span of eight years. Exports in the industrial sectors have, for example, increased by about three hundred percent due to the trade liberalization induced by the trade agreement on the Mexican economy (Vazqueze and Chen 3). The United States and Canada Though more significantly felt in Mexico as compared to the United States and Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement has had economic impacts among all its three member states.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of the agreement increased trade in the region and globally by not shifting business activities from other regions to the North America, but by creating more opportunity for business. The United States for example found a rich market for its products in Mexico. The effects of the agreement are also seen to have caused a change in employment systems in theUnited States and Canada. The change in trade patterns and the business activities due to the liberalized arrangement led to a shift from â€Å"blue collar jobs† to â€Å"white collar jobs†. This shift in the employment structure has a neutralizing effect of loss of employment opportunities in one profession and a subsequent creation of jobs in another sector of the economy. There will still be a net effect resulting from this shift in employment structure since the remuneration rates in these types of jobs are relatively different (Laursen 54). The General Impact NAFTA can be claimed to have â€Å"succeede d in boosting the three member states economic performance† (Chambers and Smith 244). There have been increased levels of international trade among the three member countries. The sensitivity created by the trade liberalization among the three countries also led to improvement of international trade between the countries and the rest of the world. Mexico, for example, adjusted from its former restrictive policies that limited international trade to economic policies that are more tolerable to international trade. The NorthAmerican Trade Agreement is also noted to have induced a generally negative impact on the trend of employment rates among the member countries. A study of the employment data trend in Mexico indicates that the job creation in Mexico that is attributed to the trade agreement affected the Mexicans in a rather negative way. The agreement,however, affected the flow of workers from the United States into Mexico; Americans are said to have flooded Mexico. This had the implication of increased competition for jobs hence displacing Mexicans from their jobs and increasing unemployment rates. A similar threat to employmentsecurity was observed in Canada on the onset of the former trade agreement between Canada and the United States. In the arrangements Canada opened its industrial sector to the more developed United States industries. The consequence was the closure of some industries in Canada in response to the competitive environment that the trade liberalization exposed the domestic industries to. These closures were consequently followed by loss of employment for the workers of the closed industries. Another impact of the regional trade liberalization was the ease of mobility of factories. This led to movement of some factories from one country to another. The significant mobility of factories would mean loss of jobs especially to the employees who for one reason or another, could not move along with the factory mobility to its new country o f location(Chambers and Smith 245). Political Impacts of the Creation of NAFTA The formation of the trade agreement called for the grass root support from the three member states. With this respect, there were movements across the three countries with differing motives. There was a move to support the establishment of the trade agreement on one side and another movement to oppose the same on the other side. The idea of establishing the agreement generated a regional political momentum that combined the three countries: Mexico, Canada and the United States. The pro trade agreement side, for example, located their office in Washington to manage the campaigns for the support of the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement. In the United States, for example, U.S.-NAFTA coalition was formed to unite parties that were supporting the establishment of the trade agreement. The process of establishing the agreement was itself a politicized move that saw the two camps transvers e the region in search of support to either oppose or spearhead the establishment of the trade agreement. The governments of the three countries into the agreement were also actively involved in the process of establishment the agreement. The government of Mexico, for example, provided support to the pro-NAFTA camp by giving information and other forms of support to the group. The process itself also involved politicians by the fact that the governments played a role in the establishment. This is because governments are headed by political leaders (Levi, Bruhn and Zebadua 254). Mexican Politics The relationship between Mexico and the United States which was cemented by the North American Free Trade Agreement plays an important role in the democratization of the Mexican politics. It was noted by Levi, Bruhn and Zebaduathat a number of groups in the United Statesplays a significant role in the politics of Mexico. The vested interest in the trade established by the agreement has induce d the interest of the United States to protect its market. With this respect, Levi, Bruhn and Zebaduaexpressed the view that the significant interest that the United States has in the Mexican politics is more of a move to ensure economic stability rather than political democracy. With this respect, trade agreement is seen to have induced a political impact on the two countries with Mexico being on the receiving end of the political influence by the United States. TheUnited States, therefore, manipulates or influences Mexican politics towards the economic stability of Mexico (Levi, Bruhn and Zebadua29). The political impacts of the trade agreement were anticipated long before the agreement was enforced. Cameron Maxwell and Wise Carole indicated that both the opponents and the proponents of the North American Trade Agreement had different opinions over the political impacts that the agreement would have on the three countries with specifications to Mexico being on the receiving end of political influence from both Canada and the United States. Those who supported the agreement saw the political influence as an opportunity to enhance democracy in Mexico through the influence of its two economic partners. Those who opposed the formation of the trade agreement however argued that the economic relationship will subject Mexico to being ruled by the two nations: Canada and the United States. The later election that was held in the year 2000 in Mexico, however, indicated a level of improved democracy giving credit to the argument of the proponents of the NAFTA regarding democratization of Mexico by the establishment of the trade agreement (Cameron and Wise 301). Conclusion The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an economic agreement that was made by Canada, Mexico and theUnited Statesand was finalized in the year 1992. The economic agreement was intended to eliminate all trade barriers among the three countries. The establishment of the trade agreement has both economic and political effects among the three countries. The economic effects included increased international trade among the countries as well as changing employment trends in the countries. The political effects included political influence among the member states with the aim to safeguard the economic stability in the region. Works Cited Cameron, Maxwell and Wise, Carole. The Political impacts of NAFTA on Mexico. Works Bepress, 2004. Web. Chambers, Edward and Smith, Peter.NAFTA in the new millennium. Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta, 2002. Print. Kehoe, William. NAFTA: Concept, Problems, Promise. People Virgia, n.d. Web. Laursen, Finn. Comparative Regional Integration: Europe and Beyond. London, UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2010. Print. Levi,Daniel., Bruhn, Kathleen and Zebadua, Emilio. Mexico: the struggle for democratic development. California: University of California Press, 2006. Print. Trade.NAFTA key provisions.Trade Observatory, 2006. Web. Vazqueze, Jorge and Chen, Duanjie.The impact of NAFTA and options for tax reform in Mexico. Mexico: world Bank publications, 2001. Print. Villareal, Angeles.U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications. Pennsylvania, PA: DIANE Publishing, 2011. Print. This research paper on North American Free Trade Agreement was written and submitted by user Lacey P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

29 Great Colleges for B Students and How to Get In

29 Great Colleges for B Students and How to Get In SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Generally, the better your grades, the more college options you'll have. However, some students are under the false impression that you need straight As in order to get into a wonderful college. Students stress and worry that a few Bs will sentence them to an inferior university. Fortunately, getting Bs won't prevent you from being able to go to a good school. There are a number of excellent colleges that admit B students. I'll provide a list of 29 of the best colleges for B students and explain how to find a good college if you're a B student. Are You a B Student? You Can Still Go to a Great College If you’re at the end of your junior year or the beginning of your senior year and you have mostly Bs on your transcript, don't freak out: you can still gain admission to an excellent college. Since super selective colleges will likely be a big reach for you, you might want to set your sights on quality schools that are significantly less selective. For example, Stanford only admits around 5% of its applicants, and its average admitted student has a high school GPA of 3.95/4.00. By contrast, the University of Michigan has an acceptance rate of 28%, and the average admitted student here has a GPA of 3.83/4.00. As a B student, you might have trouble getting into schools in the top 50 on the US News and Forbes rankings lists; however, you might have a decent chance of getting into a school in the top 100. Considering there are almost 3,000 four-year colleges, the #100 college is still better than over 99% of colleges in the US. For instance, according to our admissions calculator for Indiana University Bloomington, a student with a 3.2 GPA and a 29 ACT composite score would have about a 62% chance of getting accepted. Indiana University is currently ranked #89 by US News. How Much Do Your Grades Matter for College Applications? It should go without saying that your grades are a huge factor in determining your college options. In fact, grades are one of the most important factors colleges use when deciding whether to admit you. According to a 2017 study on the state of college admission conducted by the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), 77% of colleges believe that overall GPA and grades in college prep courses are considerably important admission factors. Meanwhile, test scores from the ACT, SAT, etc., are deemed considerably important by just 54% of colleges surveyed. This indicates that grades are by far one of the most important factors in college admission. It's not just grades that mean something, though; colleges also want to see that you're challenging yourself with difficult courses. According to the NACAC study, 87% of colleges deem the rigor of a student's course load at least moderately important. In other words, just getting good grades isn't enough- you also need to get good grades in tough classes. Although you can still get into a great college as a B student, if you have any extra time before your college applications are due, I recommend using it to try to improve your grades. Not All B Students Are Created Equal Colleges take many factors into account when determining admissions, including grades, classes, standardized test scores, extracurriculars, recommendations, and the personal statement. All else being equal, a student who got all Bs in regular classes is going to be much less qualified than a student who got all B+'s in mostly honors and AP classes. Generally, this is reflected in your weighted GPA, which weighs harder courses more heavily than regular classes. So in this example, the student with straight Bs would receive a 3.0 GPA, and the student with straight B+’s (assuming she took four honors classes out of six total classes) would get a 3.97 GPA. That said, you can compensate for lower grades by excelling in other areas. For example, if you had a 3.4 weighted GPA and a 33 ACT score, you’d probably be able to get into much more selective schools than would a student who has the same GPA as you and a 27 ACT score. Also, you might be able to make up for lower grades if you exhibit exceptional achievement in your extracurriculars. If you're an Olympic-level athlete or a successful entrepreneur, you might be able to gain admission into the most selective colleges- even with some Bs on your transcript. Overall, if you’re a B student but want to get into highly selective colleges, focus on ensuring that all other components of your college applications are as strong as possible. If you go to the Olympics, you can get into a good school with lower grades. How Did I Create This List of Colleges for B Students? I compiled this list of great schools for B students by looking at various ranking lists, including US News, Forbes, and Niche. I gave extra weight to the US News rankings because they’re the most referenced and prestigious of the college rankings. I considered a college accessible to B students if its average GPA for admitted applicants was less than a 3.75. If you've got a weighted GPA in the range of 3.30-3.80, all the schools below could be reach, target, or even safety schools for you. If your weighted GPA is less than 3.30, you might also want to take a look at the best colleges for students with a low GPA. By no means does this list contain all the great colleges for B students. Ultimately, I tried to come up with a diverse list that included colleges from all regions and of all types, including large public universities and small liberal arts colleges. List of the Best Colleges for B Students Below, we introduce our list of great colleges for B students. I categorized all the schools by region: West, Midwest, Northeast, and South. For each school, I listed its location, US News ranking, average GPA, average SAT score, average ACT score, and acceptance rate. Keep in mind that US News separates its school rankings into four categories: National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities, and Regional Colleges. Most of the schools on our list are National Universities and National Liberal Arts Colleges; no Regional Colleges made the list. For all regions, the listed US News ranking is for National Universities unless otherwise noted. Lastly, here are the ranges for GPA and other items on our list: Average GPA: 3.33 to 3.83 Average SAT Score: 90 to 1340 Average ACT Score: 25 to 30 Acceptance Rate: 34% to 81% West School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, CA #3 Regional Universities West 3.75 1270 28 54% Pepperdine University Malibu, CA #46 3.64 1300 28 39% San Diego State University San Diego, CA #127 3.7 90 25 35% University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, CO #96 3.62 1250 27 80% University of Oregon Eugene, OR #102 3.55 80 25 83% University of the Pacific Stockton, CA #106 3.52 1200 26 65% University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT #9 3.61 1220 25 66% Pepperdine is pretty. (CampusGrotto/Flickr) Midwest School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Beloit College Beloit, WI #68 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.29 1200 27 54% Creighton University Omaha, NE #1 Regional Universities Midwest 3.79 80 27 72% College of Wooster Wooster, OH #67 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.68 1270 27 56% Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, IN #90 3.72 1250 28 76% Michigan State University East Lansing, MI #85 3.71 1200 26 71% Purdue University West Lafayette, IN #56 3.75 1280 29 57% University of Iowa Iowa City, IA #89 3.63 1240 26 81% Wabash College Crawfordsville, IN #56 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.65 70 25 63% College of Wooster Kauke Hall (Maitri/Flickr) Northeast School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Clark University Worcester, MA #66 3.63 1310 29 55% Fordham University New York, NY #70 3.65 1320 29 46% Providence College Providence, RI #2 Regional Universities North 3.43 1240 28 52% Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ #56 3.73 1300 28 58% St. Lawrence University Canton, NY #56 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.56 1300 28 48% Syracuse University Syracuse, NY #53 3.63 1260 28 47% University of Delaware Newark, DE #89 3.71 1240 27 65% University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA #70 3.89 1270 28 58% Purnell Hall at the University of Delaware (Mathieu Plourde/Flickr) South School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Auburn University Auburn, AL #5 3.86 1230 27 84% Baylor University Waco, TX #78 3.68 1280 28 39% Furman University Greenville, SC #51 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.7 1290 29 61% Rollins College Winter Park, FL #2 Regional Universities South 3.3 1270 27 64% Sewanee: University of the South Sewanee, TN #49 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.73 1290 28 47% Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TX #80 3.6 1230 28 41% Samford Hall at Auburn University (Jason Coleman/Flickr) How Should You Use This List of Colleges for B Students? If you’re a B student looking for a great college, be sure to research any of the colleges on this list that interest you. Use the school websites, finders, guidebooks, and ranking lists to guide your research. You can also go on college visits to truly get a feel for some of these schools and determine whether they might be a good fit for you. Furthermore, I advise you to consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni to get more information and to further narrow your college search. How to Find Other Great Colleges for B Students: 2 Resources There are plenty of excellent schools for B students that didn’t make the list above. Here are a few different ways to identify other colleges that might work for you. #1: College Finders On Big Future, you can’t search for colleges by average GPA, but you can search for colleges by SAT/ACT score and selectivity. Because most good colleges for B students have an average SAT score of around 1200 and an average ACT score of around 27, you can look for colleges that match that criteria. These colleges range from very selective (25-50% of applicants admitted) to less selective (more than 75% of applicants admitted). You can select additional search filters to help find schools that better fit what you want in a college. With the website College View, you can enter your SAT/ACT score and unweighted GPA in your college search. #2: PrepScholar Database Our PrepScholar database contains profiles for every college. A school's profile lists its acceptance rate, average GPA, and average standardized test scores. We also have an admissions calculator on every school profile so you can roughly determine your odds of admission based on your GPA and SAT/ACT test scores. To find a school's profile, search for "[School Name] PrepScholar admissions" on Google. Another great feature is located at the bottom of each school's profile page. There, you'll see three lists: schools that are harder to get into, schools that are equally hard to get into, and schools that are easier to get into. I suggest looking up the profiles of the schools on our list above to find other schools that are about as selective and to get even more good colleges for B students. For instance, on our PrepScholar page for Syracuse University, Boston University and UT Dallas are listed as harder to get into, Penn State and Hofstra are listed as equally hard to get into, and Ohio University and Quinnipiac are listed as easier to get into. You can use these lists to identify other schools that might interest you. These are schools that are listed as "equally hard to get into" on Syracuse's profile. How to Improve Your Chances of Admission Even as a B student, there are a number of ways you can improve your odds of getting into your dream school; this depends on where you are in the college application process. Here are some examples of things you can do to improve your application: Follow an SAT or ACT study plan and give yourself time to take the test a second or even third time if your scores aren't up to par Come up with a compelling essay topic for your personal statement Spend the summer before your senior year doing something incredibly interesting, such as traveling abroad or volunteering Remember that colleges consider a multitude of factors when evaluating your application. By strengthening any of these components, you can increase your odds of being accepted! What's Next? Is it really important for you to attend a top-tier school? Find out if it really matters where you go to college. Do you want to go to a college in the Midwest or the South? Then check out my lists of the best colleges in the Midwest and the South. Are you looking for a traditional college experience in a fun setting? Learn about the 23 best college towns. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Write Papers for Graduate School

How to Write Papers for Graduate School Graduate study is all about writing, as the thesis or dissertation is the ticket to graduation. However, lots of writing occurs well before the thesis and dissertation are begun. Most graduate courses require students to write term papers. Many beginning graduate students are accustomed to writing papers and approach them in ways similar to undergraduate papers. As students advance and near the end of their coursework, they often look ahead towards the next task (such as preparing for comprehensive exams) and may begin to resent writing papers, feeling that they have already proven themselves as competent students. Both of these approaches are misguided. Papers are your opportunity to advance your own scholarly work and receive guidance to enhance your competence. Take Advantage of Term Papers How do you take advantage of papers? Be thoughtful. Choose your topic carefully. Each paper you write should do double duty - complete a course requirement and further your own development. Your paper topic should meet the course requirements, but it should also relate to your own scholarly interests. Review an area of literature related to your interests. Or you might examine a topic that you are interested in but unsure whether it is complex enough to study for your dissertation. Writing a term paper about the topic will help you determine if the topic is broad and deep enough to fulfill a large project and will also help you determine if it will sustain your interest. Term papers offer a place for you to test ideas but also to make progress on your current research interests. Double Duty Each assignment you write should do double duty: help you advance your own scholarly agenda and get feedback from a faculty member. Papers are opportunities to get feedback about your ideas and writing style. Faculty can help you improve your writing and help you learn how to think like a scholar. Take advantage of this opportunity and dont simply seek to finish. That said, take care in how you plan and construct your papers. Attend to ethical guidelines of writing. Writing the same paper over and over or submitting the same paper for more than one assignment is unethical and will get you into a great deal of trouble. Instead, the ethical approach is to use each paper as an opportunity to fill in a gap in your knowledge. Consider a student in developmental psychology who is interested in adolescents who engage in risky behaviors such as drinking and drug use. While enrolled in a course in neuroscience, the student might examine how brain development influences risky behavior. In a course on cognitive development, the student might examine the role of cognition in risky behavior. A personality course might push the student to look at personality characteristics that influence risk behavior. In this way, the student advances his or her scholarly knowledge while completing course requirements. The student, therefore, should be examining multiple aspects of his or her general research topic. Will this work for you? At least some of the time. It will be better in some courses than others, but, regardless, it is worth a try.

Emergency & Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Emergency & Disaster - Essay Example Training of the authorities to help in disaster management will make them well prepared to handle the affected population in case of disaster. Authorities taking care of emergency plans should have to liaison with the community. This will ensure that they take their advice when they are informed of imminent danger. Mistrust has been seen to cause fatalities like the case of hurricane Katrina where the residents refuse to vacate after being told to move because of hurricane which was due to occur (Cordasco, 2007) The Hurricane Katrina posed a number of threats to the general population as it caused a lot of destruction to property and infrastructure. The Hurricane Katrina caused massive destruction of property, inclusive of residential homes, schools, hospital, roads, power lines, communication equipment and other property. In order to avert destruction from a disaster like this, vital infrastructure like hospitals and homes should have strong buildings which can survive hurricane. People should also be well informed of procedures to follow in the event that such a disaster occurs, and this will see to it that property and lives are saved. Callaghan, M. W., Rasmussen, S. A., Jamieson, D. J., Ventura, S. J., Farr, S. L., Sutton, P. D., †¦ Posner, S. F. (2007), Health Concerns of Women and Infants in Times of Natural Disasters: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina, Matern Child Health J, 11:307–311 Cordasco, M., Eisenman, P., Deborah C. Glik, C.,Golden, F. & Asch M. (2007) â€Å"They Blew the Levee": Distrust of Authorities Among Hurricane Katrina Evacuees, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 18(2) ,

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - Assignment Example Gripper company roadmap starts with our specific mission, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world; to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and make the difference. Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross margin over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross margin. Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and quality products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals. Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming from within the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years. It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery shower floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Gap Inc. in France Essay Example for Free

Gap Inc. in France Essay Since the 16th century, France has been the epicenter of high fashion. From elegant designs of the old royal court to the stylish threads made by contemporary French Fashion Designers like Christian Dior, Coco Chanel and Jean-Paul Gaulthier. Im very sure we would all agree that location is a key factor in the success of a business and France is  known to many if not all  as the fashion capital of the world hosting many world renowned designers such as Gucci, Chanel, Prada and many more. The country has advantages in being well known for fashion in that many consumers have often travelled to France to obtain firsthand experience of the beautiful glamorous lifestyles associated with the country of fashion. In terms of tourism, France is the most visited country in the world and hosts seventy-five million visitors a year. The success of the tourism industry through the fashion attraction has help the economy grow in that people from all over the world bring money from various countries to spend in France. What better place to set up a GAP, Inc. like banana republic. With our growing base of loyal customers in our various different locations, both in our stores and online, we’re confident that shoppers in France will have a strong appetite for banana republic’s proposition of affordable luxury, as we open yet another location. Introducing something new and slightly different would most definitely be a challenge but would also attract and build a new customer relation experience. Identifying Global Business Opportunities Siddha Param of Worldwide Business Connection online magazine begins one of his articles with the quote â€Å"Opportunity is very often found in solving existing inefficiencies in a market†. I believe this statement as true because identifying global markets; making a proper assessment the inefficiencies affecting that particular market; and making a strategic move to fill that need, is the formula for creating successful business. For instance, a local water purification company may be looking to expand their markets. They may see where a particular region has been affected with a natural ditsier, economic straits or any number of situations; but where left with the need of fresh water. A smart opportunity would see the needs of that community and began to supply their goods to fulfill the demands that region. This would be an example of solving existing inefficiencies by identifying business opportunities. In most cases of supply and demand with in the global community has practically fulfilled the wants and need of all consumers. Leaving no room existing inefficiencies to be resolved. In the case of introducing GAP Inc. to France, an already established fashion haven, I would have to ask where the opportunity to succeed in this market is. A possible opportunity would be establishing GAP as an affordable alternative for clothing competitors. In doing so, you would have created an inefficiency to be filled thus opening the door successful operations in a new global market. Analyzing International Competitors Potential Competitors: Gap Inc. competes with local, national, and global department stores, specialty and discount store chains, independent retail stores, and online businesses that market similar lines of merchandise, probably too many to mention. But to name a few of these companies, we feel are similar to ours include brands like Zara (owned by a Spanish company Inditex) and H;amp;M (from Sweden). This designer brands cater to the same target market as GAP Inc. they offer high quality clothes at an expensive price and the crowd is willing to pay that much to look good. Competitive Advantage: Gap’s style will be rooted in simple, easy to wear pieces that form the foundation of any wardrobe – the jean, the khaki, and the pocket tee. It will epitomize casual cool which transcends trend making it easy for people to express their personal style. Our company offers a range of great versatile wardrobe solutions, delivering elevated design and luxurious fabrications at approachable prices while combining contemporary and traditional elements to evoke the brand’s essence of affordable modern. Assessment of the Geographic and Economic Environment of France Geographical Influences: France is located in Western Europe, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain. The total area covered by France is 419,328 square miles. This number includes France’s other territories located throughout the world including French Guiana (South America), Guadeloupe (Central America and the Caribbean), Martinique (Central America and the Caribbean), Mayotte (Africa), and Reunion (World). Metropolitan France covers an area of 342,807 square miles. France is the 43rd largest country of the world. In comparison, France is slightly smaller than the state of Texas (World Fact book, 2012). France lies between the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel on the west and northwest, and the Mediterranean Sea on the south giving France access to numerous waterways. Metropolitan France is mostly flat plains and gently rolling hills in the north and west, and the remainder is mountainous, especially the Alps in east and the Pyrenees in the south. France’s geographical location allows for a great business opportunity with access to many other European nations. The climate in France is also welcoming with generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean. Major Products and Industries: France is a significant producer of uranium, bauxite, nickel, iron ore, crude steel, aluminum, and coal. According to French Customs, France is the worlds second largest agricultural producer after the United States (Department of State, 2012). France’s agricultural productions include grain, dairy, pork, poultry, apples, beef, fruits, vegetables, and wine. Current Economic Conditions: The current economic conditions in France are looking good. France is currently transitioning from an economy that was mostly controlled by the government to one that relies more on a market driven system. Being able to operate under this new economic system will allow us to control more aspects within our company. This is definitely something to consider in regards to our foreign direct investment (FDI). Frances current leaders remain committed to capitalism by looking to maintain social equity by means of tax policies, laws, and social spending (Department of State, 2012). France’s GDP is $2. 214 trillion dollars, which is 10th in comparison to the rest of the world (World Fact book, 2012). The French government expects GDP growth of 1. 0% for 2012 (Department of State, 2012). This is a great time for us to open a GAP in France knowing that the economic forecast is looking bright. France is one of the founding members of the European Union (EU) and well respected by other members. The currency used in France as well as other countries within the EU is the euro. One euro is currently equaled to 1. 32705 USD. This is one negative aspect of our business proposal that we will have to deal with. The French government’s current economic policy aims to promote domestic growth and investments. Reducing the high unemployment rate and creating jobs has been a top priority (global EDGE, 2012). Infrastructure of France: This will be a welcoming approach to help solve unemployment issues in France. Cultural Analysis: The ethnic groups within France include Celtic, Latin, Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Sub-Saharan African, Indochinese, and Basque minorities (World Factbook, 2012). Religions in France include Roman Catholic (Majority), Muslim, Protestant, and Jewish. France is home to the largest number of Muslims and Jews in all of Europe. The language spoken in France is French. Throughout history, French has been the international language of commerce and diplomacy (Department of State, 2012). Some of France’s biggest cultural accomplishments include those made to fashion, cinema, and cuisine. Noteworthy, Paris, France is considered one of the fashion capitals of the world and is home to successful fashion brands such as Jean-Paul Gaultier Celine, Chanel, Balenciaga, Chloe, Dior, Givenchy, and Vuitton (ParisDigest, 2012). France’s love for fashion will open great opportunities for our business and help us to establish the GAP brand throughout Europe. The reputable fashion industry in France will can be beneficial for us in the development of our operation guidelines. Social Institutions: France is made up of different ethnicities, religious backgrounds, and cultures which we must consider when executing business activities such as marketing. I would suggest that all employees heading to France to conduct business participate in a cultural awareness program. Informal Trade Barriers: Being a member of the EU has helped France and other European nations maintain healthy trade relations. However, there are some informal trade barriers that may hinder these trade relations. Communication failure is one of the biggest informal trade barriers that exist. A current goal of the French government is to reduce budget deficits to help ensure sustainable growth. In 2008, in order to become more competitive, the National Assembly passed four bills to modernize the economy and reform the labor market (Department of State, 2012). President Sarkozy is credited with increasing the tax credit for investments in small and medium enterprises, as well as eliminating the annual flat business tax. These are definite signs that France is moving in the right direction in regards to their economy, and a great sign that this is the perfect time to establish our business. Formal Trade Barriers: There are two factors that seem to motivate the trend toward globalization. These two factors include declining trade barriers and changes in communication, transportation technologies, and information (Hill, 2011). Regional economic integration has stimulated France’s economy by lowering trade barriers and emplacing fewer restrictions to help increase trade among members of the EU. However, if the EU decides to erect trade barriers on non-EU members, France will have to abide by them. This could cause a negative impact on trade relations with other countries outside of the EU. Trade and investments between France and the United States are extremely strong. France currently ranks as the U. S’s eighth largest trading partner for total goods (Department of State, 2012). Promoting Global Business: Promoting global business is a priority among all EU members, especially France. France has worked to strengthen political and economic influences of the EU throughout the world. France’s drive to promote global business will aid us in the establishment of our business. Tax Implications: Recently, France has been pursuing a policy to reduce corporate tax. Currently the nominal rate of corporate tax is 33. 33% higher than the European average. However, according to international comparative studies, France had the lowest business setup and operating costs in the EU (Invest in France, 2012). These costs include labor, facility costs, transport, utility costs and corporate tax. Selecting a Global Company Structure Strategic Planning In an attempt to broaden our customer base GAP Inc. looks to expand its market into France. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the worlds fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses, including Chanel, Dior, Vuitton, and many more. Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century. It is our desire to maintain a permanent presence in the region to capitalize on the long-term growth opportunities of that country. Entry Mode Entry will be gained by establishing facilities in the new market. With the help of independent representatives and agents who reside in the new market, we look to construct and capitalize on the market available to us. Organizational Structure Due to the difficulty of working globally with a centralized functional structure, and the communication gaps that come from working in divisional silos, most modern companies employ a hybrid structure that combines elements of each. We look to do the same thing. There is no single hybrid structure, but rather a range from mostly-functional to mostly-divisional, which varies between companies. We will have a central headquarters that sets strategy and high-level policy, combined with geographic divisions that determine their operational methods, and may have internal functional departments within the division. The Action Plan Our business operations will simply be an extension of what has already been established in the U. S. We look to provide France with its very own unique selection based on the trends of each market and region. Our objectives are to establish a long-term presence in the region through participating in one of the country’s most valued areas and also capitalize on the opportunities available within France. One facility will be used as the starting point of this expansion. We will begin by uniquely designing and advertising clothing that fits the new region of France. With a reputation as one the worlds fashion capitals, we will have to adapt to a higher class of fashion and consistently keep on pace with the latest trends and styles. Specifically we will consult some independent designers residing in the new region and work with them alongside our own designers to collectively create new clothing and designs crafted just for this market. This will be and ongoing process for the beginning of the entry into France. Once a solid customer base has been established we will look to expand and establish more facilities within France including Paris. Product and Target Market Planning Product Concept We have a unique opportunity here to expand the knowledge of our multifaceted company. Although GAP, Inc. is our parent company, Banana Republic, Piperlime, Athleta, and Old Navy are well recognized brands we are proud to provide affordable, classic American style clothing. Product Life Cycle There is a previous history of opening locations within this country and we will continue with these vendors and contractors. Expansion projects in France for the entire brand have been on schedule, on budget, and well established within the community. Branding and Packaging With Stephen Sunnucks as President of Gap Inc. ’s International, we have the talent developed in fashion and local icons at New Look, which topped 700 locations throughout Europe. Colin Funnell runs Gap, Inc. Global Supply and has a record of dependable logistics. Our brand has worldwide recognition for our leadership and for its reliable supply of goods. Target Market The primary target for the GAP stores, which are known as iconic, inventive, and classic American, is the original vision for the founder, Don Fisher, and that is the â€Å"Generation Gap† of the 1960’s, and thus the name â€Å"Gap†. This would be middle aged shoppers of both genders. The clothes in the Gap stores have a more timeless and properness about them. The style is not suggestive or skimpy at all. Banana Republic appeals to a more luxurious taste, fashion forward and youthful shoppers. The shoppers here are more confident, mature, and sophisticated when choosing accessories and fragrance as well. Men and women in their twenties and up will enjoy the finer side of casual dressing. These stores even smell wonderful. Old Navy offers more whimsical and friendly side to affordable fashion for all ages of family members. Colorful and durable make it a working class family’s problem solver. Piperlime is where hot trends, fashion news, and boutique styling all meet. Our shopper here is getting a diverse and creative collection of ladies day and evening dressing. Courageous and adventurous style is common and prices vary by item, so anyone can enjoy this eclectic boutique. Athleta is a line of ladies performance and exercise garments. Strong sponsorship in tournaments and health promotion make ladies seek this store out. From newborn pajamas to prom night accessories to a matriarch’s distinguished garments, we have many bases covered in this family of Gap, Inc. We grow with our clients, literally. We have an extensive presence in the region including national and international advertising, promotion, and logistics ensured by proven leadership and secure contracts. Designing a Global Distribution Strategy Promotional Goals: As we continue to expand our presence internationally, were more aware than ever how our decisions affect the communities in which we do business. And our philosophy will be to seek to make a positive, lasting impact on the people in France. We plan to listen to our customers, and share their expectations. For us, that means looking deeper into our supply chain to ensure that we take a responsible path throughout the product lifecycle, from the source to our stores. Promotional Strategy: We will intensify the presentation of denim and sweats, both of which we feel has been under merchandised, and merchandise additional categories such as accessories, outerwear and swimwear, and finally, create more of a departmental distinction between the mens and womens business, particularly the latter which requires more fixturing for hanging garments as the fashion component increases. Media Plan: Advertising is a way of promoting a business, product or service. Advertising introduces consumers to new products and services. It provides exposure and legitimacy, so the more a business spends on advertising, the more consumers are aware a business exists. Here are some different methods of advertising that we would use; magazines- which will give us a way to target a variety of consumers, television-which will give viewers visual representations of our products, the internet- through the internet we will reach out to more households and business enterprises than any available medium, and lastly, another method of advertising that we would use is word of mouth. We would accomplish this by providing a satisfactory service and product to every customer. Planning a Global Promotion Strategy Distribution Channel: Well-chosen channels constitute a significant competitive advantage, so our products will move directly from us to our consumers. Distribution Barriers: Opening a new location in France will be a good strategic plan for the company but the company will be exposed to social, political and economic risks in France. Import restrictions, including the alterations in tariffs and quotas could influence the importation of our products and add to the company’s cost or diminishes supplies.

What is Copyright? Essay example -- Legal Issues, Ethics

What is â€Å"Copyright†? What is â€Å"Fair Use†? To all, these words are a meaning of protection. Ironically, one represents the law and the other is debatable under the law. Copyright.com best defines copyright in the United States as â€Å"a form of protection provided by the government to the authors of ‘original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works.’ This protection is available to both published and unpublished works, regardless of the nationality or domicile of the author† (Copyright Education 2011). The website continues on to say that â€Å"fair use is a uniquely U.S. concept, created by judges and enshrined in the law. Fair use recognizes that certain types of use of other people's copyright protected works do not require the copyright holder's authorization† (Copyright Education 2011). Though there are four basic principles (which will be discussed later) that ke ep fair use â€Å"in check,† it is still in somewhat of a gray area—relying on the will of a judge (should an allegation lead to court) to determine whether or not copyright infringement is being committed. This is why it is important to know, as a teacher, what copyright infringement constitutes and how to be as sure as possible that one is within the realm of fair use. As every teacher knows, sticking to â€Å"what’s in the textbook† may not always be the desired path for instruction, but it is probably the safest. Textbooks are purchased by each state’s Board of Education, and each district within that state chooses from the list of acceptable textbooks that the board permits to be taught. Therefore, each textbook in every classroom, though it is copyrighted, is purchased—making it eligible to be taught in its entire... ...tries offer protection to foreign works under certain conditions that have been greatly simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions† (International Copyright 2010). Perhaps foreign creations are another area to consider when looking to incorporate copyrighted material into the classroom. So what really is safe for teachers to use? Essentially, teachers are left with this notion: textbooks and public domain appear to be the only truly â€Å"safe† routes for incorporating copyrighted material into non-profit classroom-use lesson planning without raising any eyebrows. This is not to say that curiosity should be curbed. If a teacher is interested in using a copyrighted material not purchased by the state or granted permission by the copyright holder, then he or she should look into whether or not they can obtain permission for non-profit classroom use. What is Copyright? Essay example -- Legal Issues, Ethics What is â€Å"Copyright†? What is â€Å"Fair Use†? To all, these words are a meaning of protection. Ironically, one represents the law and the other is debatable under the law. Copyright.com best defines copyright in the United States as â€Å"a form of protection provided by the government to the authors of ‘original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works.’ This protection is available to both published and unpublished works, regardless of the nationality or domicile of the author† (Copyright Education 2011). The website continues on to say that â€Å"fair use is a uniquely U.S. concept, created by judges and enshrined in the law. Fair use recognizes that certain types of use of other people's copyright protected works do not require the copyright holder's authorization† (Copyright Education 2011). Though there are four basic principles (which will be discussed later) that ke ep fair use â€Å"in check,† it is still in somewhat of a gray area—relying on the will of a judge (should an allegation lead to court) to determine whether or not copyright infringement is being committed. This is why it is important to know, as a teacher, what copyright infringement constitutes and how to be as sure as possible that one is within the realm of fair use. As every teacher knows, sticking to â€Å"what’s in the textbook† may not always be the desired path for instruction, but it is probably the safest. Textbooks are purchased by each state’s Board of Education, and each district within that state chooses from the list of acceptable textbooks that the board permits to be taught. Therefore, each textbook in every classroom, though it is copyrighted, is purchased—making it eligible to be taught in its entire... ...tries offer protection to foreign works under certain conditions that have been greatly simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions† (International Copyright 2010). Perhaps foreign creations are another area to consider when looking to incorporate copyrighted material into the classroom. So what really is safe for teachers to use? Essentially, teachers are left with this notion: textbooks and public domain appear to be the only truly â€Å"safe† routes for incorporating copyrighted material into non-profit classroom-use lesson planning without raising any eyebrows. This is not to say that curiosity should be curbed. If a teacher is interested in using a copyrighted material not purchased by the state or granted permission by the copyright holder, then he or she should look into whether or not they can obtain permission for non-profit classroom use.

Is Television Addictive? Essay

Television viewing is comparable to drug and alcohol addiction as illustrated by Marie Winn in her essay entitled â€Å"TV Addiction†.   In some cases â€Å"addiction† is good-humoredly referred to as a propensity to overindulgence of oneself on something pleasurable like cookie or mystery book addiction but watching television programs results to negative effects in people that somehow consume their lives and leave them feeling a void that can never be fulfilled.   Although it offers momentary reprieve from reality which people sometimes need, it can also become a destructive compulsion. (Winn)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  The author has quite significantly suggested the perils of excessive television watching.   Instead of offering us a way to relax from our busy daily routine, it may just be contradictorily a contributing factor that intensifies the stress we encounter every day.   In the paper, Winn cited some testimonials of a college instructor, a pre-school teacher, a filmmaker and a lawyer who have directly experienced being â€Å"hooked† on watching television shows as well as mothers who has observed this dilemma on their own young children to the point that the hours they could have spent on more meaningful things are wasted on watching the shows that they do not even like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author likened these testimonials to those shared in meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous. Based on the testimonials from parents, its effects became even more alarming when they witnessed their children’s restlessness when unable to watch television just like a withdrawal symptom of an addict.   At some point in a person’s life, overindulgence in watching television happens. For some, it happens during bouts of depression, boredom, procrastination, hibernation or whatever period it is called but when it becomes habitually a part of our daily lives, it may become destructive mentally, psychologically and even physically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author presented a different perspective to television viewing.   It gives people a glimpse of how life can become when faced with such a predicament.   For most people, reading these pages is a wake up call since an individual is usually unaware when he or she is in the midst of an addiction such as this. Some people may have gradually increased the number of hours spent in front of their television sets unconsciously and this reading could really open their eyes and give everyone a nudge to change it. Television is a very significant instrument of worldwide communication and information that aids everyone in the awareness of what is happening around us.   It is a tool of improving our knowledge in a lot of things and it has its own purpose. Similarly, legal drugs or medicines and alcohol exists because it also has its uses and is actually beneficial at times but unfortunately,   just like most things in this world, it can be addictive and hazardous to people’s lives when dealt with excessively. It is undeniable that television is a part of our lives but moderation of time spent in watching television should be practiced and parents should also impose this strict rule to their children.   Parents may introduce other ways of recreation to them to reduce their viewing time but before this can be implemented in a household or a community, parents should as well apply this to themselves. Addiction can really be avoided if proper time management and self-restraint is given more focus. A firm decision in employing moderation to the things that people do can truly prevent this to happen.   It may seem impossible for addicts but it can always be done if a person is determined never to be controlled by such weaknesses.   Eradicating addictions can change people’s lives and can enormously generate a more productive, healthy and fulfilled world. Works Cited Winn, Marie. â€Å"T.V. Addiction.† Connelly, Mark. The Sundance Reader, Fourth Edition. Boston, Massachussetts: Thomas Wadsworth, 2006. 193-198.   

Slasher Films in the Pakistani Cinema

Pakistan is a developing country that has been struggling for decades in its many eras, ranging from business to the cinema. Despite the tussle, it has managed to develop its film and television industry rapidly. â€Å"Lollywood† is a term that was coined back in the day to glamorously describe the cinema culture of Pakistan. Though, as we all know, in comparison to Bollywood and Hollywood, Lollywood, in majority has not been much popular. Nevertheless, upon profoundly observing the television industry of Pakistan, one learns that it is much more refined and efficacious in contrast to the film sector.Particularly, in the present times, the drama or television industry, as you may call it, is flourishing not just locally but all around the globe, reaching out to many Pakistanis and providing them with twenty four hours of fruitful entertainment. Pakistani Cinema has touched upon a variety of genres which predominantly revolve around documentaries, dramas, thrillers, horror, rom ance and action. This paper will, however, depict and deliberate upon a subgenre of horror films; slasher films in Pakistan.A slasher film is preeminently defined as a horror film which involves the use of an unearthly weapon such as an axe by a psychopathic slaughterer who mainly pertains to aggressively slaying a number of victims. These movies follow specific cinematic techniques where close-ups and special effects are used in a variety of ways, primarily representing women as sexual objects. The conception of showing the â€Å"Final Girl† rescuing herself is the foremost ideology a slasher film ordinarily focuses on.Over the years, Lollywood has managed to accomplish the two most successful horror films using the true slasher and storyline techniques; Zinda Laash (â€Å"Dracula in Pakistan/The Living Corpse†) and Zibah Khana (â€Å"Hell’s Ground†) produced in 1967 and 2007 respectively. It is interesting to know that the recent production; Hellâ€℠¢s Ground makes continuous relations with the thirty year old film; Zinda Laash. However, the two devour excessive amount of differences; in regard to the slasher film techniques and gender based critique which will be discussed in this essay. Dracula in Pakistan† was filmed in the late 60’s; however, when released, it sprang a cascade of fear amongst the Pakistanis. According to (The Indian Express, 2012), a woman from the audience was agonized by a heart attack. It was also the first movie produced in Pakistan to be categorized as â€Å"X-rated† along with being screened at two international film festivals. (IMDB) Zinda Laash is considered as a plagiarized production; an elucidation of Hammer’s Classic â€Å"Dracula. † (The HotSpot Online) The plot begins with a scientist; Dr.Tabani accomplishing his test experiment to gain immortality followed by the introduction of his assistant; a buxom woman who discovers the â€Å"dead body† of the sci entist and decides to store it in a coffin. To her astonishment, the corpse comes to life and she is his first victim. The story continues with a somnolent traveller, Dr. Aqil who does not consider the rumors of the existence of the immortals to be true, entering the mansion of the â€Å"Khabees Rooh†. Though, he soon discovers the veracity and chooses to end the cycle of plague, but is evidently futile.The film further revolves around a Dr. Aqil’s wife-to-be; Shabnam, who is also a victim of Dr. Tabani and how immortality fails her appallingly. As petrifying Zinda Laash might have been in the 60’s, it most certainly isn’t disturbing in relation to the modern day standards. One might find it rigorously monotonous but humorous at the same time as it depicts alluring and peculiar dances by women. Zinda Laash strongly caters to the â€Å"Male Gaze† throughout the hundred minutes of its run time; from the introduction to the climax and the conclusion.T hroughout the course, the audience experiences a range of dance numbers by either one or many women. The initial portrayal of the sexuality of women instigates when the assistant is lured by her â€Å"dead† boss in the middle of the dark hours. The woman is dressed in a knee length night gown with revealed skin and cleavage; identifying her as a sex object. For being a Pakistani production of the 60’s era, the cinematic techniques capturing the body of the woman can definitely be labeled as â€Å"obscene. The attack demonstrates sensuality in the facial expressions of the woman with the sluggish movement of closeness between the victim and the attacker pouring a sense of sexual tension amongst the audience. Followed by the frightening shrieks of the woman, violence against women is highlighted significantly; a woman is powerless in front of a man. Later, as the weary traveller arrives and adjusts comfortably at the mansion after a warm welcome by Dr. Tabani, one notic es Dr. Aqil setting a photo frame of his beloved fiancee he truly misses. Dr.Tabani enters his room to ensure comfort and malignly admires the photo by calling it â€Å"Khoobsurat. † It is enigmatically bizarre how Dr. Tabani ignores to make Dr. Aqil his next victim who is right there and instead wishes to suck blood out of a woman. Malevolent thoughts instantly stutter through the attacker’s head about the woman; further enhancing the violence against women. As the night gets gloomy and murky, one notices Dr. Aqil being effortlessly distracted by the giggles of a woman; the vampire bride. He gets up to follow the chuckles; his facial expressions visibly expose his urge for sexual desire.Discovering the origin of the chortles, Dr. Aqil finds a mysterious female, dancing with â€Å"voluptuous sensuality† (The HotSpot Online) dressed in a lightly lined white dress to attract him towards her. There is undeniably a connotation attached to the actions of the woman in this scene; she uses her sexuality to fulfill her need to feed upon the man for survival. The man finally submits himself to her and is attacked by the vampire bride. This explains how the religion of Islam fears the power of female sexual attraction over men.Imam Ghazali’s interpretation is also highlighted during this part of the film; female aggression is tuned outwards and she sexually entices men. Captivatingly, this occurrence is intermittent by Dr. Tabani; the vampire, who pushes the woman; once again showing the physical power of man over woman. Wretchedly, Dr. Aqil is masticated and is fated to earn immortality. Nonetheless, before fronting his destiny, he tries to put an end to the outrageous veracity by using a â€Å"knife† as the weapon of destruction, but fails terribly. Incongruously, a dance number is presented right after Dr.Aqil becomes a casualty of immortality. This dance sequence is similar to the many others shown during the film at odd intervals. This particular sequence comprised of a woman dancing dressed in a half sleeve top and pants in front of a crowd of men in majority. Vulgarity strikes not only in her clothing this time, but in the movement of her physique in sync with the song lyrics which were chanted by a man as he made hand gestures pointing towards the dancer; â€Å"Udhar Jawani, Idhar Nasha. † The lyrics clearly indicate the drunken men relishing the â€Å"jawaani† of the female performing.The theme of sexuality is reinforced with the entrance of Dr. Aqil’s brother as he is interrupted with another dance number, this time comprising of many women dancing for their own entertainment instead of one woman dancing to entertain a crowd. This dance comprises of Dr. Aqil’s fiancee, Shabnam dressed in shalwar kameez; the national dress of Pakistan, dancing with her friends. However, the fitting of the clothing catered to the male gaze once again. The shirts are of normal length but tremend ously body-hugging from the hip, hence outlining he body shape. These women also wore perfectly winged eyeliners and hair done gracefully, further emphasizing the gender socialization of women; how they are required to dress up. The theme of men giving in for the sexuality of women is reversed when Shabnam desperately waits for Dr. Tabani to suck her blood. On his arrival, Shabnam lies down on her bed in an inviting posture outlining her curvaceous body and reveals her neck; women objectification. Once again, sexual tension is built as Dr. Tabani goes close to her neck and feeds on her.The difference between the earlier attacks and this once is that Shabnam was willingly letting Dr. Tabani feed on her; she felt pleasure. The photograph below shows her exact position on the bed. (The HotSpot Online) There is also a female child in the narrative who Shabnam intends to feed on. The question here evolves as to why there was not a male child instead of a female child named â€Å"Babyâ⠂¬ ? Baby constantly made relations with Shabnam throughout the course of the film, for example, she teased Shabnam by snatching Dr. Aqil’s photograph from her hand and ran away.The film comes towards a climax where the family discovers the Dracula Shabnam who intended to trick Baby and suck her blood out. Shabnam’s brother confronts her as she convinces him to hug her; she decides to feed on him. This plot comes to an end when Aqil’s brother acts as the macho man and pushes Shabnam away and stabs her to death by a dagger. Patriarchy is promoted via this prospect as well. Nonetheless, a dance sequence is a must input at the pinnacle; this time a female wearing a sequin dress entertaining a group of men by dancing. Most importantly, we notice that the dupatta in many of these dance numbers is eliminated.The movie further progresses with the development of an aim to eradicate the immortals by Shabnam’s brother and Dr. Aqil’s brother. Zibah Khaana or Hell’s Ground, on the other hand, follows a completely different narrative with underlining various subjects such as Gender Roles, Social Concerns and Pakistani Culture. It truly depicts the use of slasher film techniques like showing the world from the eyes of the attacker and use of the â€Å"Final Girl† notion. It is an Urdu-English slasher film directed by Omar Khan in only 30 days and has won many awards at Film Festivals around the Globe. Wikipedia) Zibah Khaana is a journey of five teenage friends who decide to take a short cut through a place known as â€Å"Dozakh Pur† to attend a rock concert. On their way, they face many difficulties such as the toxic water, zombies, a daunting hitchhiker, a witch and a man dressed in a burkha with an ancient spiky weapon which makes the movie a modern gore flick. The diversity in characters chosen makes the film even more exhilarating. The movie begins with a boy having an accident upon seeing a Burkha Man standing i n the middle of the road with a medieval weapon.However, the first victim is massacred with a spade, in comparison to Zinda Laash, where the first victim was a woman attacked by fangs. In the case of Hell’s Ground, woman objectification is hardly given any attention. The film sets the surroundings of Pakistan by showing detailed shots about the culture of Pakistan; daily activities. Gender socialization is highlighted when Roxy, a modern American girl is introduced and specifically asks her maid for a â€Å"pink† colored shirt to wear as she has to spend the night at her friend â€Å"Ayesha’s† house.Pakistani culture is further laid stress upon when the maid reacts in astonishment to Roxy, being a girl and spending the night at a friends’ house. Next, a low class Christian boy, Simon is presented with his parents; where the father uses abusive language to degrade his son. In relation to Zinda Laash, here we experience that the wife; Simon’s mother screams back to her husband in support of her child. Patriarchy is not laid stress upon; it does exist but not to a critical extent in the modern day and this is what Zibah Khaana probably aimed to demonstrate.As the introduction progresses, the audience meets the Final Girl, Ayesha. Her first appearance in a traditional shalwar kameez serving her mother tea immediately clicks; she is different from the previous two characters introduced. Once more, the Pakistani Culture and Gender Bias are tinted when Ayesha seeks permission from her mother to go on a â€Å"school trip† for the night. Receiving a hesitant reaction from her mother and commentary upon how her father would be against this act if he were alive, instantaneously converses with the Pakistani audience as to how girls should not be let out for the night.It emphasizes upon traditional beliefs on gender socialization; girls should spend the night at their own house and not elsewhere. However, there are a lot of modern families in today’s time who are also against girls spending the night elsewhere. In the Pakistani society, it is definitely considered as indecent. Inevitably, Ayesha lies to stay out for the night to go to a rock concert. However, her socialization restricts her from doing things that she has been taught are wrong; for example later in the film all her friends smoke hashish, but she doesn’t.Ayesha also wears an â€Å"Allah Hu Akbar† necklace throughout the course of the film. We also observe, upon exiting the house Ayesha gets rid of her books and grabs a pair of jeans and t-shirt to change later for the trip; Ayesha belongs to a local ordinary family. Later, when she changes her attire from a traditional one to modern, her friends are surprised. Roxy, Ayesha, Simon and another boy OJ meet at the ice cream parlor, â€Å"Hot Spot† and wait for the last character of the film; Vicky to arrive with transport. He brings a van with old fashioned Pakist ani Horror Film Paintings, one of which consisted of a plump woman posing.Pointing out the sexuality in the old times; OJ instantly reacts to the painting of the woman as â€Å"sexy. † This shows that young boys are easily drawn towards sexuality with being open about their desires. The friends continue to head out and on their way are disturbed by a group of transgenders while waiting for the traffic signal to go green. An effective use of queer theory has been applied as the reaction of the teenagers is shown. Transgenders are a huge part of the Pakistani society and are treated with disgrace.They are usually perceived as infuriating while they beg at the traffic signals; the reaction of Vicky and the body language of the transgenders have clearly been captured. As the transgenders approached and touched Vicky, his facial expressions stressed upon irritation and repulsion. Youth culture has been shown via sarcastic conversations amongst the five friends. Roxy is an American -Pakistani modern girl who did not hesitate to smoke hashish in comparison to the Final Girl, Ayesha who denies the offer and feels uncomfortable. Roxy and OJ have a conversation about the socio-economic situation of Pakistan.This was amusing to observe as women in the earlier day were not included in such conversations, and today we see a positive change in the role of women. In Roxy’s imaginary world, she â€Å"can’t wait to get out of this sticky shithole. † Use of abusive language by both the genders has been highlighted, which serves as a change in the norm of our society as all such instances are censored by the censor board of Pakistan. Hell’s Ground, was however, successful in mirroring the reality. From zombies, a freaky hitchhiker and a witch to the serial killer in a burkha, Zibah Khana covers it all.Generally, older women are always associated with darkness, magic and evil. Hell’s ground uses the same ideology and uses an unusual strang e woman in the story who is involved in the village killings. The hitchhiker and the main psychopathic killer Burkhaman which the teenagers come across are the old woman’s children. Earlier in the film, the teenagers have managed to escape from the creepy hitchhiker by throwing him out of the van and crushing him in the process. Motherly instincts are shown when the mother finds her injured son and commands the Burkhaman to cut them up into â€Å"botis. The old woman also continuously addressed the Burkhaman as her daughter; further highlighting the use of queer theory. The Burkhaman is in reality a man, but is continuously referred as a female; this is because the old woman always wanted a daughter but never had one. I believe, the use of such a dogma is an indirect reference to the LGBT community in Pakistan. Throughout the film, the serial killer being the main lead remains silent. According to my analogy, it has been done purposely to lay stress upon the fact that societ y wants the LGBT community to remain silent and act as the underdog of the society.Being a slasher film, the plot revolves around The Final Girl throughout. Before the zombie attacks, she senses incongruity but chooses to ignore and stays determined. This is the most ideal strategy used in the production of slasher films. Her psychological turmoil is continuously tested till the very end where she saves herself. In completion, Ayesha is the only individual left who has not been successfully victimized. Slasher films intend to show women in terror, and Zibah Khana explicitly follows this rule. It shows both the women, Roxy and Ayesha, in terror, running for their lives and screaming.The only difference is that Ayesha is the final girl and remains determined to save herself. Another stratagem used in Zibah Khana is the eradication of all the irrelevant characters one by one leaving the Final Girl as the last victim. This is to build tension amongst the audience to experience the rever sal of gender roles. When Ayesha faces the Burkhaman, she fights back for herself and saves herself by getting hold of a spade and a stone, and smashes the head of the man dressed in a Burkha. There is no man to rescue her; she is her own hero. A hidden side of the innocent girl is shown; she makes sure to kill the attacker.Typically, in slasher films, the Final Girl is given intense strength and masculinity all of a sudden with the urge to protect her rather than being dependent upon a man to save the day. There are many differences we observe between the two films. Firstly, we notice that the first victim in Zinda Laash is a woman where she is shown as a sexual object. However, in Zibah Khana, the first victim is a boy; OJ. Secondly, Zibah Khana adopts the technique of showing the world from the attacker’s eyes to its fullest whereas Zinda Laash hardly makes use of it.Thirdly, another distinctive feature of a slasher film is to show women in terror; building the tension and finally reaching the climax. Zibah Khana renders this trepidation to a great extent in comparison to Zinda Laash, where the women feeling fear is shown minimally in comparison to Zibah Khana. Lastly, the concept of Final Girl is completely ignored in Zinda Laash, assuming that Shabnam was the main girl who was expected to save herself and not enter the realm of death; that too by being stabbed by a man. Zibah Khana, on the other hand, stresses all the attention on the Final Girl, Ayesha.In the end she is the only survivor. Horror film is a genre which has come a long way in the Pakistani Cinema. It started off with showing women as sex objects to the girl becoming the main lead and surviving on her own terms. To conclude, I absolutely agree with Omar Khan, the director of Zibah Khana as he claims, â€Å"Horror is at its most effective when it taps into real fears. Our real fears are connected to things that are sensitive politically and difficult to discuss. † (Telegraph, UK , 2007) 3286 Words Bibliography (n. d. ). Retrieved November 27, 2012, from IMDB: http://www. imdb. om/title/tt0360232/trivia Telegraph, UK. (2007, August 11). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http://www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/film/starsandstories/3667146/Zibahkhana-Beware-zombies-wearing-saris. html The Indian Express. (2012, July 2). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from The Indian Express: http://www. indianexpress. com/news/be-scared-very-scared/969038/0 The HotSpot Online. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http://www. thehotspotonline. com/moviespot/bolly/reviews/xyz/zindalaash. htm Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 4, 2012, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zibahkhana

Types Of Tourism And Their Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example

Types Of Tourism And Their Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example Types Of Tourism And Their Importance Tourism Essay Essay Types Of Tourism And Their Importance Tourism Essay Essay Tourism is presently the largest industry in the universe. The World Tourism Organization ( WTO ) is expected there is traveling to be 1.6 billion world-wide tourers by 2020, compared to 2002, there is merely 715 million world-wide tourers in 2002. Therefore, a batch of states, no affair under developed and developing, touristry chief beginning of foreign currency net incomes and making occupation chances for people. Harmonizing to McIntosh et Al, touristry can be classified as the figure of the phenomena and relationships take topographic point from the traffics of tourers, cordial reception service supplier, concern trader, the host authoritiess, the beginning of the authoritiess and local communities in the procedure of pulling and hosting these tourers and other visitant. Harmonizing to Page, touristry as a consumer activity is continuously being developed by the touristry industry and individual concerns, as selling is used to develop new construct, merchandises and services and finishs. This reflected in the international involvement in developing niche merchandises: vacation yearss focused on specific involvement and activities. Murphy argue that, as the touristry grew in size and range it become obvious that this industry, like others, vie for limited resources and capital, that its non-consumptive properties did non needfully avoid the corrosion or alteration of attractive forces. 2.2 Sustainable Tourism Sustainable touristry theoretical account is related to the moral principle of sustainable development, which in speculation supported that people struggle to run into their ain demands, most likely measured against the criterion of life presently enjoyed ( World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 ) . Sustainable development can specify as the amount of the tradeoff between the demand s and aim of the present, and those of the hereafter ( Archer and Cooper, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to Butler ( 1993 ) , he challenges the usage of the term sustainable touristry, in malice of its currency, reasoning that it implies the care of touristry itself, whatever its impacts, instead than the care of the human or physical context within which the touristry occurs. Harmonizing to Butler et al supported the term sustainability touristry development, affecting touristry which is development and in such a manner that country ( community and environment ) , in such a graduated table, it will stay practical in an inaccurate term, non cut down or alter the phenomena ( human and physical ) , of which there is such a degree, its success development and forbidden activities and procedures every bit good as other benefits. Clarke ( 1997 ) suggested that the development of the thought of sustainable touristry involve four attacks which are polar opposite, whereby sustainable touristry and mass touristry were seen as polar antonyms ; a scope, whereby sustainable touristry and mass touristry were no longer seen as polar antonyms, but instead it was acknowledge that there were different sunglassess of sustainable and aggregate touristry, which would unify at the center ; motion, an attack which suggested that positive action could do aggregate touristry female horse sustainable ; convergence, is the thought that all types of touristry can endeavor to be sustainable. ( J. Swarbrooke, 1999 ) 2.3 Ecotourism Every research workers and writers have the different description and definition on the term of ecotourism. Out of the assortment of definition about ecotourism, there is one of the most quoted definition came from Hector Ceballos-Lascurain ( 1987:13 ) . He defined that, the ecotourism or besides known as ecological touristry can sort as a sort of touristry that involves going comparatively without break. Ecotourism besides can specify as going to pure natural countries with the chief intent of analyzing, look up toing, and take pleasance in the natural landscape and its wild vegetations and zoologies every bit good as any gettable cultural facets ( both yesteryear and nowadays ) that can be found in these country. ( Luck, 2003 ) Ceballos-Lascurain ( 1990 ) besides argued, nature-oriented touristry means scientific, aesthetic and philosophical move toward to take a trip, even though ecological tourer is non a skilled scientist, creative person or philosopher. The most of import ground is that the person who carry out ecotourism has the chance of acquiring closer with natural environment in a mode normally non bing in the metropolis life that usually full of force per unit area. ( Weaver, 2009 ) Based on Stanford Research Institute ( 1990 ) , the ecotourism characterized as the fastest turning sector of the whole international touristry industry, it has increased rate of 30 per cent per twelvemonth. Ecotourism observed the impacts, both positive and negative, of house servants and international touristry. Other than that, ecotourism is besides a sort of touristry merchandise that promotes protection and support sustainable development whilst holding a minimal impact on the environment. Ecotourism besides involves going to distant locations to larning the vegetation, zoology and wildlife animate being in their native home grounds. It besides gives the opportunity to see how local people live and work. ( Abraham, 2010 ) Harmonizing to Hundloe, to sum up, good apprehension of services, cultural sensitiveness and engagement with the local community are the three chief issues which differentiate ecotourism from its cousins green touristry and sustainable touristry. 2.3.1 Significance of Ecotourism Sierra et all ( 1999 ) believed, ecotourism can be describe as one of the most possible tools in the armory of the modern-day environmentalists . Ecotourism is an environmentally friendlier and potentially more sustainable alternate to extractive activities. For illustration, logging, agriculture, excavation, or hunting of wildlife. Local people may hold an chance being off from a rhythm of poorness and, by sharing their information among local people and tourer about the local topography and ecology, which can assist to construct up a stronger consciousness of community pride and a wider, more planetary position that is cognizant of the importance of biodiversity to human being in the hereafter. Ecotourism provide a chance for long-run protection of the environment and its resources. The hot topographic point of biological diverseness is largely the least underdeveloped state which is the economic system of the state is peculiarly in drive people to destruct the natural environment. Ecotourism besides provide an chance to protect the environment and biological diverseness that about nonextant. Whereby, this is besides opportunity to bring forth more income to keep research attempts. An eco-tourist attractive forces, the plan enrollment fee can be farther directed to the scientific cognition about the ecological environment ; support imprisonment, rehabilitation or re-afforestation ; or semisynthetic impact monitoring, to guarantee that does non cut down entree resources. Harmonizing to Sierra et Al ( op cit ) , to further verify the growing of planetary touristry, the relationship sandwiched between touristry and the environment is requires being clearly direction to cut down the harmful and capitalise on valuable impacts. The visual aspect of ecotourism gives accent to the demand for future professionals to develop suited accomplishments in touristry and ecological direction. 2.3.2 Ecotourism in Malaya Malaysia is one of the states from South-East Asia and it is well-known as a multicultural state. Multicultural has non merely made the state as a nutrient Eden, it has besides made Malaysia topographic point to keeping hundred colourful festivals. Malaysia was besides celebrated with the warm and friendly local people. Harmonizing to Smith, In Malaysia, touristry sector is presently the second-largest industry after the fabrication was the largest industry in Malaysia. The authorities organisation responsible on advancing touristry industry in Malaysia is Tourism Malaysia or besides name as Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board. Because of the geographical background, Malaysia is every bit assorted as its civilization. The state is separated into two parts, peninsula of Malaysia with 11 provinces and two provinces on the northern portion of Borneo which is Sabah and Sarawak. The state is covers a entire country of 329 758 km2 in South East Asia. The typical conditions of the state is ever warm and humid all through the twelvemonth. Malaysia was listed as one of the most botanically diverse states in the universe. Malaysia is an astonishing state with legion copiousness of biodiversity. The country of the state is granted with many natural finish and attractive force such as vegetations, zoologies and wildlife, beautiful seashore, alien Marine aqua life, big rain woods and the biggest and oldest caves in the universe. ( Daud, 2010 ) A alone natural and cultural plus variegation is what Malaysia truly had. Therefore, eco-tourism in Malaysia was really favourable, executable, sustainable and durable signifier of touristry. In the twelvemonth of 2008, Malaysia has won The Best Ecotourism award by TravelWeekly ( Asia ) during the Industry Award 2008 which s held in Singapore. It is the 2nd clip that Malaysia was honored after 2007. It was an of import achievement for Malaysia that proved itself for its natural environment as an attractive force for touristry and alone geographical layout. Malaysia was grouped as one of the 12 mega-biologically diverse states in the universe. Around the whole Malaysia, there have a lower limit of 15,000 species of vegetations, 286 species of mammals, 4,000 species of Marine aqua life, 150,000 species of invertebrates in add-on to the legion microorganisms. There is 75 % of land country in Malaysia remains forested and 60 % of the country is virgin rain forest. The virgin rain forest is the home ground or place for the diverse group of vegetations and zoologies and other life being. The ecology scientists believed there may still be a figure of other vegetations and zoologies that have non been discovered living beneath its canopy. There are beautiful oceans with several of Marine aqua life that rely on the delicate balance of an unhurt environment environing Malaysia. From the other side of the worlds sea polo-necks make nests on the seashore of Malaysia pilgrims journey 1000s of stat mis. Likewise, the visitants from all corners of the universe visit our shores every twelvemonth merely to witness the charming underwater universe. The a assortment of activities such as jungle trekking, undermining, boosting, river cruising, stone mounting, plunging H2O rafting and bird observation was offered to the tourers by Malaysia. The Malaysia authorities concerned about the natural and cultural assets hence, they have organized and make the event to allow people more cognizant of the importance of preservation-based ecotourism. The illustrations of event consist of the Tabin Wildlife Conservation Conquest which located in Sabah, Fraser s Hill International Bird Race in Pahang and Taman Negara Eco-Challenge competition i n Pahang. Malaysia s been categorized as one of the top ecotourism finishs to see in the universe. The part is farther growing by the enclosure of the Kinabalu Park in Sabah and Mulu National Park in Sarawak listed in UNESCO s World Heritage sites list. UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has besides been recognized Langkawi Island or Pulau Lankawi which is situated in Kedah one of the northern provinces of the Peninsular Malaysia as a Geopark which mean a finish that contained outstanding geological landscapes in the universe. Proudly, Langkawi Island is the 1 and merely Geopark in the South East Asia and one of 50 among the whole universe. In the interim, there is two other finish which is Taman Negara National Park in Pahang, Batang Ai National Park in Sarawak and the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary besides been submitted by Malaysia Government as the nominations for UNESCO s World Heritage Sites for future consideration. The Malaysia Government was advancing the ecotourism of their state to worldwide ; meanwhile they besides create consciousness to minimise the impact on the importance of sustainable development touristry and of equilibrating care and development. The Ministry of Tourism Malaysia wants to supply the policies and guidelines for the dependable development of ecotourism. Therefore, they have officially taken on the National Ecotourism Plan ( NEP ) to guarantee the policies and scheme for the painstaking development of ecotourism in the state itself. 2.3.3 Ecotourism in Penang Penang or Pulau Pinang is one of the provinces in Malaysia with the screens a entire country of 1,048 km2 ( 404.6 sq myocardial infarction ) . It has been a long clip that Penang described as Pearl of the Orient and is one of the most romantic and picturesque metropoliss in all of Asia. Penang was one of the top vacation finishs in Malaysia. The province was combination of an island and a narrow piece of land. The country of the island is 285km2 and it is separated from Seberang Prai ( once Province Wellesley ) a backwoods of 737km2 on the mainland. It is connected by The Penang Bridge, which is listed as one of the longest span in Asia with the length of 13.5 kilometer. Ferry service besides available to link the island and the mainland. Georgetown is the capital of Penang. On July 2008, Georgetown was listed by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) in the World Heritage List. The accomplishment of Penang was based on the certain subdivisions of Penang has a big sum of pre-war edifices among the South East Asia state which are still undamaged. As a consequence, Penang Island is presently known as Penang Heritage City. There are several of attractive forces around Penang, nutrients and shopping, from heritage to eco-tourism, and from beautiful beach to wellness touristry. In the twelvemonth of 2009, Penang was ranked 22nd between the 44 top topographic points to travel of New York Times. Penang is one of the two finishs in Southeast Asia in this ranking. Due to Penang holding a tropical clime, it offers some ecotourism merchandises in its province. The Botanical Gardens and the Tropical Spice Garden, both of the attractive forces were the ecotourism merchandises of Penang. While the Penang s National Park ( Taman Negara Pulau Pinang ) consist of a batch of eco attractive force such as the immaculate Pantai Kerachut beach and besides a beautiful lake which is the sea H2O and fresh H2O that do non blend up together. The park besides provided the topographic point for field daies, fishing, swimming and jungle trekking. Another ecotourism merchandise in Penang is The Butterfly Farm which located at Batu Feringghi is a topographic point where assorted types of colourful butterflies allocated in one finish and it is besides a genteelness research Centre. In Penang Island there is a Taman Negara Pulau Pinang ( Penang s National Park ) at the northwest corner. The National Park covers the entire country of 1,266 hectares of Rhizophora mangles, coastal hill dipterocarps, beaches, and bouldery shores. Among the Peninsular Malaysia, Penang s National Park ranks 2nd in size to Pahang National Park. As a metropolis national park, Penang National Park has chance to be listed in the UNESCO universe heritage listing. It is because there was legion species of blooming workss and animals- together with rare and endangered 1s it merely takes around 45 proceedingss get downing from the metropolis Centre, Georgetown. Meticulous planning and substructure will beef up the park s possible for ecotourism. Inside the park, there are merely trails, pathwaies, paseos and no roads. Penang National Park has created consciousness for Penangites about the impacts of ecotourism and besides the importance of sustainable development. Penang was besides celebrated with the beautiful and adventures beaches around the island. Batu Ferringhi is celebrated and it is one that can see. In Batu Ferringhi and besides Teluk Bahang, every portion of these country are environing by the beaches and now the beach is acquiring cleansing agents compared with last few old ages where most of the tourer ailment about the cleanliness at the beach country. Along the coastline of Batu Ferringhi and Teluk Bahang, there was a batch of international resort available with the standard service and offering a host of water-based recreational athletics installations. Rasa Sayang Resort and Spa, Hard Rock Penang, Park Royal Hotel and Holiday Inn are the international resorts that available along the coastline. Although there is rather a batch of ecotourism merchandises in Penang but, the Chief Minister of Penang Lim Guan Eng has defended his suggestion to get down a tiger park in Relau, This is because he wanted that the province to hold a new ecotourism program. The intent of Penang Tiger Park is to go a new ecotourism merchandise in Penang that can utilize to pull more international and domestic tourers to see to Penang. ( Looi, 2009 ) 2.4 Tiger Park in other States Tiger Park was defined as a topographic point to protect the endangered tiger every bit good as engendering herds of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. There are merely a few of finishs categorized as Tiger Park in the whole universe. Based on the research, there are merely a few states have Tiger Park bing as tourer finish which is Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin China, Tiger Kingdom Chiang Mai, Thailand and India which have the biggest sum of Tiger Park in the universe. 2.4.1 Siberian Tiger Park Siberian Tiger Park is the universe s largest Siberian tiger engendering base in Harbin, China. Once the human being spoiled the natural environment, many animate beings threatened with extinction, and a figure of species have become nonextant. The Siberian tiger is one of the endangered. It is the largest class of feline in the universe and besides known as the King of the Forest. Siberian Tiger was listed by the China Government as one of the excellent national protected animate beings of China other than coon bear in the twelvemonth of 1980s. Siberian Tiger Park is built in the twelvemonth of 1996 by the authorities to continue this cherished species. The Siberian Tiger Park is situated at Songhua River which is located at the northwest of Harbin, with the entire country of 1,440,000 square metres ( 355.8 estates ) . The Tiger Park has covered with 500 rare strain Siberian Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, with 100 of the tiger are seeable to visitants. Other than Siberian Tiger, lynx, black cougar, white Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, king of beastss, and leopards every bit good as Bengali Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams besides can be seen inside the park. The park was divided into 10 different countries, which together with the immature tiger country, the mature tiger country, and the male monarch tiger country. There is besides a walk-to country and a platform for visitant for Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams seeing. It is different compared to other common menagerie, because the Siberian Tiger Park exchanges the functions of human being and animate beings. Harmonizing to Foxnews.com ( 2007 ) , the figure of Siberian Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams has kept on increasing at Siberian Tiger Park China. Which was good intelligence because of Siberian Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams is one of the universe s rarest animate beings. In the other manus, there are besides some serious instances happened in the park. Based on My Daily News.com ( 2011 ) , a Siberian tiger killed a circuit coach driver in the park. The tiger attacked the coach driver when he got out of coach to look into on the coach that got stuck in the snow at Siberian Tiger Park which is a profaned park safety regulation. The tourers watched impotently in horror. The direction of the tiger park is anticipating most of the coach drivers to understand the danger of the animate beings. 2.4.2 Tiger Kingdom Chiang Mai, Thailand The Tiger Kingdom Chiang Mai ( The Tiger Temple ) or Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua is a Theravada Buddhist temple that located in Thailand. It has been a safety for legion of species of endangered animate beings particularly Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams were ever walking around the temple one time a twenty-four hours and the visitants can acquire truly closer to see or maybe touch them. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hemmy.net/ ) Harmonizing to Alexander ( 2009 ) , Abbot Pra Ajarn Phusit the monastic instructor of the temple has been taking good attention of the abandoned Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams and besides the other animate beings in Kanchanaburi Temple which is the celebrated Tiger Temple since 1990s. Once he found the abandoned tiger greenhorn in the states nearby the wood, he will convey them back to the temple and supply a proper attention for them. Pra Ajarn is a really sort individual and besides an inspirational adult male who does nt mind been snapped images by the visitant s cameras. Once the visitants have been visit to the temple, most of the visitant can experience the lovely relationship among the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams and Pra Ajam. They are ever remaining close with each other. Pra Ajam wo nt experience panic when confronting the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. After twelvemonth by twelvemonth, the sum of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams kept on increasing to 75 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams populating at the temple in the twelvemonth of 2008. However, there was some critics to the temple because of the population growing of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams is a chief job, by and large because the people commented the temple is using tactics which are illegal. In the twelvemonth of 2008, Jachinthe Bouchar, the universe renowned carnal trainer had stopover to the tiger temple for her 2nd clip. She was remaining at that place for two and a half hebdomads to develop the staffs and the monastics about the techniques of developing the Tigers. A planned new animate being enclosure will be used for developing nines to take attention themselves, and giving them the necessary accomplishments to go on to be in the natural state. 2.5 Penang Tiger Park Penang Tiger Park is a future program as an ecotourism merchandise in Penang which suggested by Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang.